328 BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF 



proximal to the cardelles or hinge denticles, the operculum 

 narrowed at the cardelles, a hyperstomial ooecium closed by 

 the operculum, and a frontal tremocyst. Unfortunately, he 

 followed Hincks, who confused the Eschara pallasiana of 

 Moll, and named this species as the genotype. Later, 1925 a, 

 p. 32, Canu and Bassler corrected this error and erected the 

 genus Cryptosula for E. pallasiana Moll, leaving the pallasi- 

 ana of Hincks as the genotype. Later (1928 a, p. 106), Canu 

 and Bassler included the Cellepora pertusa of Esper in Bip- 

 podiplosia, and Hastings (1930, p. 725) added Verrill's 

 Lepralia americana. There are two other species, which, if 

 I understand them, should be included in this genus, viz., 

 Lepralia reticidato-punctata Hincks and Lepralia smitti 

 Kirchenpauer. These have been variously placed in Lepralia, 

 Escharella, Schizoporella, and Smitfina. Levinsen (1916, pp. 

 456, 457) and Nordgaard (1918, pp. 61, 66) agree in placing 

 them in Smittina. The characters of these species appear to 

 me much more closely allied to the Escharellidae as delimited 

 by Canu and Bassler (1920, p. 334), and seem to fall naturally 

 in the genus Hippodiplosia, along with H. pertusa Esper. The 

 tremocyst is incomplete about the aperture, leaving a portion 

 of the olocyst exposed ; the ooecium develops next to the olo- 

 cyst of the distal zooecium, and the operculum closes the 

 ooecial aperture. The frontal pores are much larger than in 

 pertusa, but this is a character which may vary greatly. 



Hippodiplosia americana (Verrill), 1875. PI. 14, figs. 6-7. 

 (Osburn, 1912, p. 241 (Lepralia), synonymy and references; 

 Hastings, 1930, p. 725, Balboa, Panama.) Rare, several well- 

 developed colonies with ooecia, encrusting stones dredged at 

 stations 21, 94, and 96. The species is common along the 

 southern New England coast, and Verrill recorded it as far 

 north as Beverly, Massachusetts. The present record is the 

 farthest north, and it has not thus far been noted in Canadian 

 waters. Hastings has recorded it from Balboa, on the Pacific 

 side of Panama, with the difference that the occasional suboral 

 avicularium is wanting and instead a larger pointed one is 

 often present at the side of the aperture. 



