298 THE OSTEOLOGY OF THE REPTH^ES 



Family Rhamphorhynchidae. 



Jurassic. Rhamphorhynchus Meyer, Scaphognathus Wagner, Di- 

 tnorphodon Meyer, Dorygnathus Orpel, Campylognathus Plieninger, 

 Europe. 



B. SUBORDER PTERODACTYLOIDEA 



Wing metacarpal, longer or but little shorter than forearm. Tail 

 very short. No cervical ribs. Fifth toe more or less reduced. 



Family Pterodactylidae. Nares and antorbital vacuity more 

 or less coalescent. Teeth in anterior part of jaws. Anterior dorsal 

 vertebrae not fused. All metacarpals articulating with carpus. Pre- 

 pubes not band-Hke. Smaller. 



Upper Jurassic. Pterodactylus Cuvier {Ornithocephalus Sommer- 

 ing, Diopecephalus Seeley, Cycnorhamphus Seeley, Pterodracon Ly- 

 dekker), Europe. 



Family Ornithocheiridae. Skull more elongate. A supra- 

 occipital crest. Scapula with enlarged distal end articulating with 

 notarium. Jaws with teeth in front. Skeleton imperfectly known. 



Wealden. Ornithocheirus Seeley, Ornithodesmus Seeley, England. 



Family Pteranodontidae. Skull much elongated, toothless. A 

 long supraoccipital crest. Orbits small. No antorbital opening. No 

 fibula; fifth toe without phalanges. First three metacarpals splint- 

 like. Upper end of scapula articulating with notarium. Prepubes 

 band-like. From twelve to twenty-five feet in expanse of wings. 



Upper Cretaceous. Pteranodon Marsh, North America. Ornithos- 

 toma (? Pteranodon) Seeley, England. 



Family Nyctosauridae. Like the Pteranodontidae, but no oc- 

 cipital crest, and the upper end of scapula flat, not articulating with 

 notarium. Eight-foot wing expanse. 



Cretaceous. Nyctosaurus {N yctodactylus) Marsh, Kansas. 



Genera Incertae Sedis. Doratorhynchus Seeley, Paleornis Man- 

 tell, England. 

 Lower Cretaceous. Dermodactylus Marsh, Wyoming. 



