362 NOTES ON THE EXCURSION OF [Oct. 



They lay in the midst of a rich country, yet starved in it, but in a 

 small s|)ace they found that instead of a produce that hardly 

 supported themselves, they were enabled to raise even supplies for 

 their neighbours ; that much of the land was so kindly as to bear 

 corn for many years successively without the help of manure, and 

 for the more ungrateful soils, that there were limestones to be had, 

 and coal to burn them. The wild tract soon appeared in the form 

 of verdant meadows and fruitful cornfields. From the first they 

 were soon able to send to distant places cattle and butter ; and 

 their arable lands enabled them to maintain a commerce as far as 

 Lancashire in corn. His mode of carrying this out was by erecting 

 hamlets of eight or ten houses, with a number of acres to each, and 

 then permitting his industrious married tenants to live in them rent 

 free, till the produce of the soil would enable them to pay a certain 

 annual stipend, which he increased as the lands were improved, but 

 never so as to become burdensome. He also built schools on different 

 parts of the estate, and in a few years had the satisfaction of seeing 

 upwards of five hundred young persons constantly instructed in 

 them. Thus he increased his rent-roll in more than quadruple 

 proportion." Here then is an exemplary landlord. If such a system 

 of developing agriculture in this country by 2'^cusant tenantry, such 

 as Dr. Graham adopted, were general on our large estates at the 

 present day, would not our country be prosperous in like manner to 

 the " industrious married tenantry of Netherby " ? 

 The principal trees girted at Netherby were — an 



In the Pinetum (which was once a garden and which is well 

 sheltered) the conifers are very thriving : — 



P. lasiocarpa, ...... 



P. Douglasii, ...... 



P. ndbilis, ....... 



(This tree is coning heavily, and its glaucus 

 tinge makes it a beautiful object.) 

 P. Nordmannia, ...... 



P. magnifica, ...... 



A Wcllingtonia, ...... 



