1885.] OUrDOOli CULTIVATION OF BRITISH ORCHIDS. 451 



There is a great deal to do in Algeria relatively to M'oodland. 

 The German States have numerous schools spread aljout the country 

 according to local wants. Zurich, Municli, Vienna, Ilohenheim, 

 Aschaffenburg, Tliarandt, Newstadt, and P^berwald are the centres of 

 so many zones, to which the proper teaching corresponds witli tlie 

 climate, soil, and local requirements. The number of students 

 admitted at ISTewstadt and Eberwald lias been, since the foundation of 

 the school, fifty a year, not including foreigners. In the ancient 

 school of Aschaffenburg, now annexed to the ]\Iunich University, 

 the number of native students was, on the average, eiglity-one for a 

 surface of G,000,000 acres of woodland. During the space of 

 twenty -eight years Aschaffenburg has formed 2583 students, 

 including one foreigner, for 124,000 acres. Tharandt has had a 

 yearly average of twenty-nine native pupils and twenty-three 

 foreigners since 1810, although Saxony only possesses 1,107,413 

 acres of woodland, 396,999 acres of them belonging to the State. 

 In Austria the school of higher studies on forests, carried from 

 Mariabrunn to the Vienna University counted in 1881, 343 students, 

 mostly pupils coming from the secondary schools of Bohemia, 

 Moravia, Southern Austria, and Galicia. The faculty corps is, more- 

 over, seconded by men properly drilled and well prepared, the 

 organization of which dates from the year 1750. 



OUTDOOR CULTIVATION OF BRITISH ORCHIDS. 



BY A. D. WEBSTER. 



UNDER cultivation the majority of our native orchids may be 

 successfully grown either in tlie open border amongst her- 

 baceous plants or on the rock-work with Alpines ; but for various 

 reasons, which will be explained hereafter, neither of these methods 

 is so satisfactory or productive of such good results as when a bed 

 is specially devoted to their culture. All the species may thus be 

 brought directly under the eye of the visitor, not lost sight of, as 

 they are only too apt to be when placed either on the rockery or 

 herbaceous border. 



The orchid bed, too, can be formed in a shady, quiet spot where 

 the various qualities of soil may be placed in a very small area, so 

 that different species of similar requirements can grow in close 

 proximity. The position and preparation of the bed will, however, 

 require a little attention, and may be readily formed in any half- 



