464 FOREST WORK FOR THE MONTH. [Nov. 



this sort of work done, but the whole of the frround was trenched and 

 manured. This mms not sufficient, and until the ground could be 

 prepared by being re-trenched, the trees were only planted 

 temporarily, close togetlier at first, so that tliey could be made to 

 fill a more extended area as they increased in size, and the old worn- 

 out trees were gradually removed to make room for them. Another 

 necessary and important part of fruit tree culture is to thoroughly 

 work the ground after it has been trenched. The modus o-pcrandi is 

 as follows. The ground should be trenched and manured as early as 

 possible in tlie autumn. In November the trees should be planted ; 

 in doing so, dig out a hole rather larger than the extent of the roots, 

 and before planting cut off any mangled roots which may have been 

 bruised during the process of lifting. If the soil is of a liglit, sandy 

 character, some good clayey loam ought to be placed round the roots 

 at planting time. I place half a barrow-load round the roots of each. 

 Some will doubtless think this an unnecessary expense. The trees, 

 of course, will grow and thrive without it, but they do better with it, 

 and there are people who do not mind a little extra expense in 

 order to obtain the best results. — I am yours, etc., J, B. 



f'oREST Work for the Month. 



ENGLAND. 



GLOOMY NOVEMBER" is again upon us, with its usual 

 characteristics of darkness, mugginess, and wild stormy 

 winds; yet the average rainfall is not so great as in some of the 

 other months. Last November rain fell at the following places as 

 undernoted : — 



At Bristol, rain fell on I'o days to a depth of 1'68 inches. 

 Glas'i-ow 12 3-27 



„ Edinburgh, „ 14 „ 1-45 „ 



An inch of rain means a gallon of water to nearly every two square 

 feet of surface, or about 100 tons of water per acre. How accept- 

 able a portion of that would have been during last July and August, 

 when vegetation of every kind stagnated under the scorching rays 

 of the sun, unblessed by a single genial summer shower for weeks 

 together. 



Orchard. — Grounds intended for planting should be properly 

 trenched and got ready for the reception of the plants as soon as 

 convenient after the fall of the leaf. Sliould the weather be dry, a 

 copious watering may be necessary to consolidate the soil about the 



