1885.] FOREST WORK FOR THE MO.XTIl. 465 



roots. Wlicn the leaves have all fallen, pruning may be begun in 

 tlie orcliard, and continued as circumstances will allow. IJut the 

 sooner the Nvork is completed the wounds will more speedily harden, 

 and the process of covering over be accelerated in the spring. 



Fences, especially hedge fences, demand an important degree 

 of our attention this month, when old hedges should be renovated, 

 as soon as they are free of leaves, by cutting, plashing, and laying. 

 It is a bad and pernicious style of renovating such hedges to lay or 

 pack dead wood into weak or gappy parts of the hedge. This only 

 chokes up any live stuff that might otherwise grow if left open, and 

 perpetuates and extends those defects which the operation was 

 intended to remove. Young hedges planted at this season, parti- 

 cularly if upon dry ground, will be found to be more successful 

 than those planted in the spring. Cultivate and clean both sides 

 of all young hedges, and make up any deficiencies with well-rooted 

 and strong hedge plants. "Where the ground is poor and light, some 

 fresh soil or manure may be put about tlie roots, to encourage their 

 growth. 



Plantations. — Push forward forest planting, particularly on dry 

 situations, during this month. Pruning and thinning may also be 

 proceeded with, as well as the felling of timber and coppice woods. 



Pleasuke Gkounds. — Collect fallen leaves before they become 

 sodden and battered to the ground, and remove to the depots as 

 soon as collected, to preclude the possibility of their being re-scattered 

 over the ground. 



KUKSERY. — Finish collecting the seeds of trees, and dispose of 

 them according to their necessities, laying some in heaps to rot, 

 and spreading others in the drying lofts as they respectively require. 

 Piidge up nursery plots as soon as they become vacant. Transplant 

 young deciduous stock, and plant stocks for grafting ornamental kinds. 



Deains and ditches should be kept clean and clear, to allow of a 



free discharge of their waters. And drains in agricultural lands 



should be examined and repaired before the frosts of winter set in, 



or before the rains we may expect towards the end of the month 



set in and saturate the ground. 



A. Paterson. 

 Pavltoxs, Romsey, Hampshire. 



SCOTLAND. 



THE forest work proposed to be done this month, so far as relates 

 to this estate, consists of thinning and pruning young 

 plantations, cutting timber for auction sales and general estate 

 purposes. Making new drains and cleaning old ones. Erecting 



