CO THE GARDENER. [Feb. 



union is formed it is stronger and better than upon his principles. In 

 the next place, M'Intosh, in his 'Book of the Garden,' vol. ii. page 

 330, gives a drawing of his method, where Ave consider he makes the 

 same mistake as Lindley in neglecting a top bud upon his stock, while 

 he approaches very near our idea regarding the making of the tongue 

 and fixing it upon the stock. It will therefore be noticed that we 

 have adopted something from each of them, which, when put into 

 execution, differs from them all. 



Having spoken thus fully of the grafting on the Quince stock, it 

 is only necessary to say that, in grafting upon the Pear, the mechanical 

 operation is identical in so far as the graft and stock are concerned, but 

 that no " earthing-up " is necessary, as, the Pear being a more natural 

 stock for the Pear, the union is not nearly so long in forming. 

 " Earthing-up," however, would not be the least injurious even with 

 the Pear stock, if from its height it was not impracticable, as it would 

 be a support and guard against the influence of strong winds. 



Unless the stock and scion have been all the stronger, there will 

 only be one good strong shoot made the first year, which, if intended 

 for a wall-tree, ought to be cut back to within three eyes at the prun- 

 ing season. If, however, the stock used is a Quince, it ought to be 

 cut over about 1 foot from the ground, and the three top eyes en- 

 couraged to grow the following summer. These will, in all probability, 

 all push in spring, and ought to be trained upon a trellis, so as to give 

 them the set necessary for the wall. Let all three branches be trained 

 in nearly an upright position, so that thereby the flow of sap may be 

 more equalised and the young tree better balanced, as more of the 

 future symmetry and general appearance of the tree depend more upon 

 the first two or three years' management than all the after-training of 

 future years. It will, hov/ever, entirely depend upon what form of 

 training is to be followed, in order to determine upon the mode of 

 pruning to be adopted the second year. We purpose making reference 

 to the various modes in general use, but preferring as we do the fan to 

 all other styles for both Pear and Apple — as being the prettiest, the 

 quickest to fill a given space, and as easy to put into practice as any 

 of them — we shall take it first. When the pruning season comes 

 round again, our practice is to cut the centre branch back to within 

 three buds of its base, leaving the two side-branches from 1 foot to 18 

 inches in length, according to their strength; and when we make our 

 cut, we invariably leave the top bud in the front of the branch, while 

 the second bud, which we expect to form a branch also, is left upon 

 the upper side. Our reason for so doing is, that when the branch, 

 w^hich we are now forming, comes to take its place as the horizontal or 

 bottom branch of the fan, it may have fewer crooks, and appear neater 



