20 



THE GARDENER. 



[Jan. 



May, there is no form so suitable as the lean-to, with a due southern 

 aspect. It should be as light as possible — that is, the astragals and 

 rafters should be relatively narrow, and the squares of glass Avide, so 

 as to admit as much of the genial influence of the sun during the 

 dark days of winter as possible. It is a question simply of conveni- 

 ence what the size of the vinery may be. 



Fig. 1 gives the size and shape of one of the early vineries here ; 

 and had we built them, we would have made them both wider and 

 loftier — not less than 15 feet wide, with a front sash of 2 feet, and 

 the back wall 15 feet high — as we consider a large house relatively 

 easier kept to a given temperature than a small one, while the 

 same labour, in every respect, is incurred in connection with the 

 latter as with the former, except in the thinning of the Grapes and a 

 few other trifling matters, while the produce is much greater, nor is 

 there much diff*erence in the original cost; therefore we urge that 

 vineries should be made a good size. 



The wires to which the Vines are to be tied should not be nearer 

 the glass than 1 6 inches, so that a current of air may pass between the 

 foliage and the glass in hot weather. The leaves should never come 

 into actual contact with the glass ; for if they do, radiation from the 

 glass during a clear cold night will freeze them, and cause them to 

 turn yellow. There should be not less than four rows of 4-inch 

 pipe round the front and ends of an early vinery. In addition, we 

 recommend a steaming-tray over one of the pipes, to receive its 

 supply of hot water from the flow-pipe, and em.pty itself into the 

 return-pipe, as shown in fig. 2. This tray gives moisture to the air 



Fig 2. 



STEAMING-TRAV. 



The water ascends into the tray from the flow-pipe at A, passes along to C, which may be 60 

 feet from A, and descends into the return-pipe at D. 



of the vinery in the exact ratio that the pipes give heat ; for the hotter 

 they become, the hotter the water in the tray becomes, and, consequently, 

 it gives off" more steam at the time when the hot pipes have a tendency 

 to render it necessary. The difficulty of ventilating a vinery during 

 severe weather in winter is well known to early forcers, and in order to 

 meet this we have adopted the following method, shown in fig. 3 : We 



