450 THE GARDENER. [Oct. 



tions; however, it is years since we did anything of the kind, the 

 ground being rather dry, and the filling-in of the drills drawn for the 

 plant keeps the stems in their places. A quantity of Parsley may be 

 lifted and placed under protection, so that when snow or severe 

 weather might set in, picking the Parsley-tops could be done without 

 injuring the plant. Hoops, over which mats, &c., can be placed, is a 

 good system for protecting tender or other plants. Peas in full bear- 

 ing might be kept on, if timely attention could be given, with mats. 

 When frost sets in while covering, the material should not touch the 

 plants, as they would get frozen together, and the latter would be des- 

 troyed entirely. Our sunk pits, filled with Little Gem and Tom 

 Thumb, might have done good service in November, but the want of 

 water and time to apply the little we could spare has brought on pre- 

 mature fruiting. Care must be exercised when winter Spinach is 

 picked, so that the outside leaves only should be taken, leaving the 

 heart entire. Laying down Broccolis with their hearts from the sun 

 may be done now, to prevent the sun injuring their hearts by rapid 

 thawing after frost ; soft vigorous growth is also checked. Cauliflower 

 and autumn Broccolis turning in too quickly may be lifted and placed 

 by the roots in earth behind a wall, shrubbery, &c., which will keep 

 up a succession for some time. 



Pears and Apples are mostly gathered this month ; for the sake 

 of convenience keep late and early kinds separate. If there is 

 room to lay them thinly on shelves, they will be less likely to be 

 injured from handling when the ripe ones are picked out. Keep the 

 fruit-room dry and airy for a short time after the crop is housed, and 

 for late keeping a dry, close, and dark house is best : keep cool, but 

 frost should be excluded. Examine the fruit frequently for some 

 time, so that all that are decaying may be taken away. Trees for 

 walls and orchards may now be ordered without delay; old trees, 

 which have been frequently cut down, should not be accepted for 

 planting though ofi'ered gratis. Choose young healthy plants of even 

 growth, clean bark, free from old wounds or snags. Wide borders well 

 mixed with fresh turfy loam will suit most trees. Concrete, used in a 

 semicircle for a yard or more next the wall, will prevent the roots 

 from going into the subsoil. When planting, the soil should be made 

 firm and the roots spread over the surface — cutting off any that are 

 broken or very long and coarse ; fibre is what will give success. The 

 roots should be kept up nearly on a level with the surrounding soil, 

 placing a layer of good earth over them 6 inches or more deep ; then 

 a mulching of litter over all to keep out frost. The shoots should be 

 fastened so that they will not be beaten by high winds ; but allowance 

 should be made for the trees sinking, that they may not be allowed to 



