METEOROLOGY WATER. 21 



The average of emanations per cubic meter of air was equivalent to 82.48 X 

 10"" gm. for Manila, and 19.18X10" gm. for Mt. Pauai, tlie average ratio 

 between the two being 4 : 1, The amount of emanations in the air varied at a 

 given place within comparatively wide limits in dependence upon the meteoro- 

 logical conditions. With rainy weather and high winds the amount was very 

 low, while with fine weather and low winds the amount was comparatively 

 high. The content was much higher at night than during the day. 



The climate and weather of San Diego, California, F. A. Carpenter (San 

 Diego, 1913, pp. XII +118, pis. 13, figs. i5).— This treatise, setting forth fully 

 the characteristic as well as the unusual features of the weather and climate 

 of San Diego, is based upon a continuous official meteorological record since 

 1849 and upon noninstrumental observations dating baclc to 1542. 



Climate and meteorology of New Zealand, D. C. Bates (New Zeal. Off. 

 Yearbook 1913, pp. 34-o0, pis. 5, fig. 1). — Observations on temperature, pressure, 

 rainfall, sunshine, wind, etc., during 1912 are summarized and discussed, and 

 comparisons are made with the meteorological conditions of previous years. The 

 generally favorable climatic conditions of the country are emphasized, and it 

 is shown that these conditions are unusually conducive to health and agri- 

 cultural productiveness. 



The leading feature of the climate is the abundance and frequency of tlie 

 rainfall and its comparatively uniform distribution. Sunshine and rain alter- 

 nate fairly well throughout the year, with much greater predominance of the 

 former. The rainfall is usually more intense and frequent during the night 

 than during the day. 



Monthly and annual rainfall from 1837 to 1912, inclusive, at St. Paul, 

 Minnesota {Ann. Rpt. Bd. Water Comrs. St. Paul, Minn., 13 (1912), pp. 116, 

 in, pi. 1; Engin. News, 10 (1913), No. 11, pp. 51J,, 515, figs. 2).— The rainfall 

 record for 1837-1911 is shown in tables and diagrams in the first report cited; 

 the data for 1912 are added in the second article referred to. The highest 

 annual rainfall recorded was 49.69 in. in 1849; the lowest, 10.21 in., in 1910. 

 The mean annual rainfall for the whole period was 27.41 In. 



Composition of rain water collected in the Hebrides and in Iceland, 

 N. H. J. Miller (Jour. Scot. Met. Soc, 3. ser., 16, No. 30, pp. 141-158; ahs. in 

 Jour. Chem. Soc. [London], 106 (1914), No. 615, I. p. 128; Rothanuted Expt. 

 Sta., Harpenden Ann. Rpt. 1913, pp. 20, 21). — Determinations of ammonia and 

 nitrate nitrogen and chlorin in samples of rain water collected at Vifilsstadir, 

 Iceland, and at Butt of Lewis and other places in the Hebrides and on the west 

 coast of Scotland are reported. 



The results for ammonia and nitrate nitrogen were very low, the annual 

 rainfall of 39.7 in. at Butt of Lewis containing only 0.034 parts of nitrogen 

 as ammonia and 0.032 parts of nitrogen as nitrates per million : that of Vifils- 

 stadir 0.091 and 0.03 parts, respectively. The total nitrogen per acre brought 

 down by the rainfall was 0.6 lb. at Butt of Lewis and 1.06.5 lbs. at Vifilsstadir. 

 The amounts at other places were somewhat higher (1.8 to 2.2 lbs.) but only 

 about half the amount found in x*ain water at Rothamsted. 



The chlorin content of the rain water varied from 7.8 parts per million per 

 month, equivalent to 52.2 lbs. per acre annually at Vifilsstadir, to 749.9 parts 

 per million, equivalent to 6,884 lbs. per acre at Butt of Lewis, and 759.6 parts 

 per million, equivalent to 5,753 lbs. per acre, at Barrahead. 



The economic value of tropical rainfall, G. Capus (Ann. G6ogr., 23 (1914), 

 No. 128, pp. 109-126, figs. 4)- — Determinations of the nitrogen content of the 

 rainfall at Hanoi, Tonkin, from April, 1902, to September, 1909, are reported 

 and discussed. 



