ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 61 



though there is not an entire clean up of all surrounding infestations. The 

 cutting out and burning of infested branches should be undertaken between 

 October 1 and April 1. 



Two enemies of the American red oak, J. Houba {Bui. Hoc. Cent. Forest. 

 Belg., 20 (1913), No. 4, pp. 2^9-255, figs. 4).— Two enemies of Quercus rubra, 

 namely, Xylehorus dispar and Trypodendron quercus or X. quervus, are said to 

 have made their appearance in the vicinity of Marche, Belgium. 



Damage to Austrian pine in the Marne by Pityogenes bidentatus, A. 

 VuiLLET (Rev. Phytopath. Appl., 1 (1913), No. 8, pp. Ill, 112; abs. in Rcr. Appl. 

 Ent., 1 (1913), 8er. A, No. 11, p. ^23). — Plantations of Pinus austriacu in the 

 Department of Marne are reported to have been seriously injured during the 

 year through attacks of this beetle (P. bidentatus). The author states that 

 it is also the most serious enemy of all other species of pine in P'rance. It ap- 

 pears to confine its attack to trees of from 5 to 10 years old, boring galleries 

 in the smaller branches immediately beneath the bark. 



The pest is more or less successfully dealt with by leaving cut branches in 

 the forest after the spring cutting, and, following the dejjosition of tlie eggs 

 thereon by the beetles, collecting and burning the branches. 



The yellow-headed coffee borer (Dirphya [Nitocris] princeps), C. C. 

 GowDEY (Bui. Ent. Research, Jf (1914), No. 4, pp. 279-281, fig. i).— This beetle 

 is a source of injury to coffee in the Chagwe District, Uganda, having first 

 come to attention in 1910, when some of the estates, especially the older ones, 

 suffered serious damage. The trees attacked by this pest, if allowed to remain 

 untreated (by the injection of a few drops of carbon bisulphid or carbon 

 tetrachlordid into the tunnels or the borer) are either killed outright or broken 

 off by the wind. 



Notes on the life histoiy of Cyrtotrachelus longipes, D. O. Witt (Indian 

 Forester, 39 (1913), No. 6, pp. 265-212, pi. i).— This paper reports biological 

 studies of (7. longipes, based upon observations of its attack of bamboo 

 (Dendrocalamns strictus). Life history studies based upon observations of 

 its attack on Melocanna bamhusoidcs have previously been reported by 

 Stebbing.« 



On the biology of Phytonom.us miurinus and its parasites, N. A. Grossheim 

 (Reprint from Ent. TiHstmk [Kiev], 2 (1913), No. 1. pp. 21, figs. 15; abs. in 

 Rev. Appl. Ent., 2 (1914), -Ser. A, No. 2, pp. 108-110).— This is a report of 

 investigations conducted in the government of Kuban in response to a request 

 from this Department for information on the parasites of the alfalfa weevil. 



Parasites of all stages of the weevil were discovered. The larva of an un- 

 determined pteromalid feeds externally upon the eggs, the percentage of in- 

 festation being 13.33. Canidiella curculionis, an external parasite, attacks the 

 larva; of the host in the later stages, the parasitism reaching 3.16 per cent. 

 The larvae of P. murinus are also infested by two chalcidids, Tetrastichus sp., 

 which is a primary internal parasite, and Dibrachoides (Pteromalus) dynaster, 

 an external parasite, the percentage of parasitism by these two species being 

 low. The pupae of P. murinus were parasitized externally by Eulophus sp., and 

 internally by Pimpla maoulator, the latter being the most important enemy 

 and attacking 25 per cent of the pupae. 



During the year the natural enemies destroyed 71 per cent of the weevils. 



Consumption of a hive of bees during the year, R. Hommell (Vie Agr. et 

 Rurale, 2 (1913), No. 22, pp. 653-655, figs. 2; abs. in Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], 

 Mo. Bui. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 4 (1913), No. 8, pp. 1266, 1267).— It is 

 stated that " the daily consumption of a bee varies from 0.003 to 0.12 gm. ac- 



« Departmental Notes on Insects that Affect Forestry, II (Calcutta. 1903, pp. 193-197). 



