POODS — HUMAN NUTRITION. 65 



packed meats; (2) those whose chief products are fresh meats; and (3) those 

 whose chief product is sausage. 



Of the 1,641 establishments canvassed, 40 per cent were engaged primarily in 

 slaughtering and meat packing; "these establishments employed 90.7 per cent 

 of the total number of wage-earners and contributed products to the value of 

 $1,204,248,578, or 87.9 per cent of the total for the industry as a whole. 

 Although establishments engaged chiefly in slaughtering formed approximately 

 1/3 (34.4 per cent) of the total number, they employed only 7.2 per cent of the 

 total number of wage-earners, and the value of their products represented but 

 ]1 per cent of the total for the entire industry. The 420 establishments engaged 

 chiefly in the manufacture of sausage reported 2.1 per cent of the wage-earners 

 and contributed 1.1 per cent of the total value of products. In the case of estab- 

 lishments engaged primarily in meat packing, the cost of materials equaled 88 

 per cent of the value of products; in the case of those engaged primarily in 

 slaughtering, 87.4 per cent ; and of those making sausage, 75.8 per cent." 



Eggs from the standpoint of nutrition, Delate (Bui. Soc. Chim. Belg., 27 

 {1918), No. 12, pp. SIO, 311). — In connection with this discussion of the 

 nutritive value of eggs, statistics regarding egg production, particularly in 

 Belgium, are given. 



A study of flours and meals of different sorts, E. Gury (Mitt. Lehensm. 

 llntersuch. u. Ilyg., Schweiz. GsmlJmimt., Jf {1913), No. 3, pp. 112-121, fig. 1).— 

 Determinations of water, water absorbing power, protein, gluten, cellulose, and 

 gliadin were made with ground wheat, rice, beans, potatoes, and other materials. 

 The results obtained are reported, but the article as a whole is chiefly concerned 

 with a comparison of methods. 



Flour-mill and gristmill industry {Thirteenth Census U. 8., 10 {1913), 

 pp. 403-Jf26, figs. 2). — Of the 23,652 mills canvassed for this report, which 

 covers the year 1909, moi'e than half were custom mills, but of the total value 

 of the products ($938,699,958). only $55,115,553, or 5.9 per cent, was contributed 

 by this class. " More than three-fourths of the merchant mills were engaged 

 chiefly in the manufacture of wheat flour and other products intended for 

 human consumption, and the value of the products of these mills was $832,- 

 790,364, or 88.7 per cent of the total for all mills combined. 



" For both custom and merchant mills the value of products includes the esti- 

 mated value of the flour and other products obtained from grain ground on a 

 custom basis, and, similarly, the figures for cost of materials include the esti- 

 mated cost of such grain. ... " The flour-mill and gristmill industry is one 

 in which the cost of materials constitutes a very large proportion of the total 

 value of products, the process of manufacture itself being relatively simple and 

 inexpensive. The total cost of the materials used by all mills in 1909 was 

 $813,891,347, which was equal to about seven-eighth (86.7 per cent) of the total 

 value of products, while the value added by manufacture (that is, the value of 

 products less the cost of materials) was only $124,808,611." 



Digestion experiments on men with cotton-seed meal, J. B. Rather {Texas 

 8ta. Bui. 163 {1913), pp. 26).— In continuation of earlier work (B. S. R., 23, 

 p. 566), using men as subjects, the author studied the digestibility of cotton- 

 seed meal in comparison with meat and canned chicken loaf, these foods being 

 used as a part of a simple mixed diet. The cotton-seed meal (or flour) was 

 made into bread with corn meal, in the proportion of 1 : 2 in the flrst case and 

 of about 1 : 4 in the second case. The urine was analyzed as well as the food 

 and feces. 



According to the author's summary, "7 digestion experiments were made 

 with men ; 3 being with cotton-seed meal, 2 with cotton-seed flour, and 2 with 

 meat. 



