VETERINARY MEDICINE. 81 



life; bacteriological research metliods; disease and the means of combating 

 infections diseases; immunity and protective inoculation; infectious diseases; 

 and protozoa as pathogenic organisms. The subjects are discussed chiefly 

 from the human medical standpoint. 



The present status of our knowledge of the pathogenic role of helminths, 

 B. Galli-Valeeio (Centbl. Balct. [etc.], 1. Alt., Ref., 61 U9U), No. 4, pp. 97- 

 115). — ^A review with references to the literature on the subject. 



The sporotrichoses, De Beurmann and Gougerot {Les Sporotrichoses. Paris, 

 1912, pp. 852, pis. 8, figs. 181).— The first part of the work (pp. 41-192) consists 

 of a comparatve study of the siwrotrichoses and the Snorotrichum pathogens, 

 their botanical classification, etc. The second part (pp. 195-809) relates to the 

 sporotrichosis of de Beurmann, its frequency and geographical distribution, the 

 etiology and pathogeny of sporotrichoses, clinical forms, a study of the localiza- 

 tions of sporotrichosis, polymorphism and multiplicity of forms, evolution, 

 diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, pathological anatomy, experimental sporotri- 

 choses, spontaneous sporotrichoses of animals, etc. A bibliography of 24 pages 

 is appended. 



Argas and spirochetes, E. Marchoux and L. Couvy (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 27 

 {1913), No. S, pp. 620-6.'i3). — This second part of the paper previously noted 

 (E, S. R., 29, p. 563) deals with the virus in the tick. 



Concerning the fi^lterability of Spirochaeta duttoni, J. L. Todd and S. B. 

 WoLBACH (Jour. Med Research, 30 (1914), No. 1, pp. 27-36). — " S. duttoni in an 

 infective form can be forced through a Berkefeld filter by pressures of over 50 

 lbs. to the square inch. S. duttoni can not be filtered through a Berkefeld filter 

 in an infective form by atmospheric pressure." 



The cultivation of a free living filterable spirochete (Spirocheeta elusa; 

 new species). — A preliminary report, S. B. Wolbach and C. A. L. Bingee 

 (Jour. Med. Research, 30 (1914), No. 1, pp. 9-22, pis. 3). — This relates to studies 

 of a spirochete developed from the filtrate of pond water to which the name 

 S. elusa is given. 



" The chief importance to be attached to the cultivation of the spirochete here 

 reported lies in its morphological similarities to the pathogenic spirochetes and 

 in its filterability. The ease with which it is cultivated offers opportunities 

 for the determination of the nature of the coiled and sporelike forms and the 

 granules. The fact that this spirochete forms definite colonies on solid media, 

 similar in appearance to the colonies formed by bacteria, will undoubtedly be 

 taken as evidence for the close relationship between spirochetes and bacteria. 



" The filterability of this spirochete, together with positive filtration experi- 

 ments recorded for relapsing fever spirochetes by Novy and Breinl, and by Todd 

 [see above], indicate that by this method a means may be found for separating 

 spirochetes from bacteria which should open the way to the systematic study 

 of free living spirochetes and those saprophytic in man and animals." 



The distribution and morphology of Spirochaeta duttoni and S. kochi in 

 experimentally infected ticks (Ornithodorus moubata), S. B. Wolbach (Jour. 

 Med. Research, 30 (1914), No. 1, pp. 37-48, pis. 3).—" The modified Giemsa stain 

 employed is a reliable method of demonstrating spirochetes in the tissues of 

 ticks. The two strains of spirochetes studied, S. duttoni and S. kochi, migrate 

 through all the organs and tissues of the ticks. Multiplication of spirochetes 

 does not take place in epithelial cells of the tick, but does occur in tissues of 

 the connective tissue group. The minute granules and comma bodies found in 

 epithelial cells, and probably those in other tissues, are not stages in the de- 

 velopment of spirochetes. Large granules, coiled and encysted forms derived 

 from spirochetes, occur in various connective tissue structures, and may pos- 



