82 EXPERIMENT STATION KECORD. 



sibly represent resting or multiplication stages. By virtue of the power to 

 invade tissues, tlio spirochetes studied may Ije transmitted in any secretory or 

 excretory product of infected ticks." 



Multiplication in Triatoma infestans of the mal de caderas trypanosome, 

 A. Neiva (Abs. in Bui. Inst. Pasteur, 12 {19U), No. 1, p. 46').— The author 

 records the occurrence of mal de caderas in the States of Bahia, Bernambuco, 

 Piauhy, and Goyaz. Tabanids of the genus Chrysops are thought by the author 

 to be largely concerned in the transmission of Trypanosoma equinum in central 

 Brazil. The feces of the reduviid T. infestans have been found to be infective. 

 A note on the pathogenicity of Trypanosoma lewisi, W. H. Brown (Jour. 

 Expt. Med., 10 (1914), No. 4, pp. 4O6-4IO).—" Some strains of T. lewisi may at 

 times produce rapidly fatal infections in a large percentage of the rats in- 

 fected. In such strains of T. lewisi, a sufficient degree of pathogenicity may 

 persist to warrant the designation of these strains as pathogenic. The patho- 

 genicity of a given strain of T. lewisi is not constant, but is subject to marked 

 and even sudden variations." 



Anthrax vaccination in Japan, N. Nitta {Bui. Inst. Infect. Diseases Anim., 

 Japan, No. 1 (1913), pp. 49). — Anthrax is widespread in Japan and occurs each 

 year in various parts of the country, including Korea. According to the 

 official statistics that have been collected during 25 years (1887-1911), about 

 12,259 cases have occurred. In many other instances the presence of the dis- 

 ease has not been reported. 



In the tests some of the vaccines were made by the Pasteur method, and an 

 anthrax spore vaccine according to the method of Chienkowsky, Lange, and 

 Deutsch. The spore vaccine remained active from 2 to 4 years. Preliminary 

 experiments were made with rabbits, pigs, sheep, calves, and horses. 



The practical results obtained with Deutsch's spore vaccine prepared by the 

 author and also with Sobernheim's serum-simultaneous method are reported. 

 In 1905, 144 animals, i. e., 139 bovines and 5 horses, were vaccinated with 

 Deutsch's vaccine; only 1 horse was lost. In 1908, 27,310 bovines and 3,8SG 

 horses received spore vaccine, and only 1 horse died from spontaneous 

 anthrax. Of the bovines 96.69 per cent showed no systemic reaction or only 

 a local reaction; 3.20 per cent, a local reaction with a rise in temperature; 

 and 0.01 per cent only a rise in temperature. Observations on the remaining 

 11 animals could not be taken. Of the horses 98.74 per cent showed either no 

 reaction or only a local reaction; 1.21 per cent, a rise in temperature and a 

 local reaction ; in 0.05 per cent the reaction was not determined. 



Anthrax serum was found to have both protective and curative powers for 

 both man and animal. The protective powers, however, last only a few weeks, 

 and in order to increase the efficiency of the serum a dose of vaccine should 

 follow its administration. 



The number of animals vaccinated in 1904 according to the serum-simul- 

 taneous method of Sobernheim was 3,615, consisting of 2,350 bovines and 1,265 

 horses. Of the bovines 94.3 per cent gave no general or only a local reaction ; 

 2.98 per cent gave a local reaction and a rise in temperature; 2.68 per cent, 

 a rise in temperature only ; and with one animal no observation could be taken. 

 Of the horses 99.05 per cent gave no reaction or only a local one ; 0.79, a local 

 reaction and a rise in temperature; and 0.16 per cent, only a rise in tem- 

 perature. 



The animals vaccinated since 1909 consisted of 347 goats and 209 hogs. No 

 losses resulted from the vaccinations but one goat died of spontaneous anthrax. 

 Of 77 animals treated with serum alone, 57, or 74 per cent, survived. 

 Ascoli's method is considered the best for the valuation of anthrax sera. 



