VETERINARY MEDICINE. 83 



The diagnosis of glanders, J. R. Mohleb and A. Eichhobn (Amer. Yet. Rev., 

 44 U014), No. 4, PP- 4-^7-447, figs. 2). — This work emphasizes the value of the 

 luallein eye test as a first-hand means of the veterinarian for diagnosing glan- 

 ders in horses. The test is deemed simple, practical, and comparatively ac- 

 curate. The complement fixation test, when used in conjunction with the agglu- 

 tination test, is regarded as the best laboratory method today, especially since 

 the conglutination test (E. S. R., 28, p. 478) and the precipitation test have 

 been found to be unreliable. 



The laboratory methods are deemed a valuable means for substantiating the 

 findings obtained by the practicing veterinarian with the ophthalmic test, 

 especially where a certain amount of doubt exists. " The Bureau of Animal 

 Industry, in consideration of the favorable results obtained from this test, has 

 decided to recognize the [eye test] for interstate shipments of equines, . . . 

 Horses offered for shipment to Canada must continue to be tested by the sub- 

 cutaneous method, as the ophthalmic test has not yet been officially recognized 

 by the Canadian authorities. ... It has been employed by inspectors of the 

 Bureau of Animal Industry in their field work, and reports are accessible re- 

 garding its action for diagnostic purposes on more than 8,000 cases. The results 

 from all sources were uniformly satisfactory." 



One of the most essential featui-es for the success of the test is to employ a 

 mallein of the proper concentration. The presence of 0.5 per cent of carbolic 

 acid in the concentrated mallein as a preservative does not interfere with the 

 test. The crude mallein is preferred to the dried mallein. 



The method of making the test and the precautions to be taken are described 

 in detail. In the appendix the results obtained with the test in Austria are 

 discussed. 



Immunization tests with glanders vaccine, J. R. Mohleb and A. Eichhobn 

 {U. S. Dept. Agr. Bill. 10 (1914), pp. 13).— "The results obtained by these 

 investigations appear to be sufficient to demonstrate the unsatisfactory results 

 of this method of immunization. Of the 13 immunized animals, 9 contracted 

 the disease from natural exposure, which is a large proportion when it is con- 

 sidered that all animals were aged and kept most of the time during the ex- 

 posure out of doors. Of the 4 remaining immunized horses, 1 died of impaction 

 after the second vaccination, while the other 3 animals were killed ... in 

 order to ascertain by post-mortem examination the possibility of glanders exist- 

 ing in these animals which had given positive serum reaction, but which had 

 returned to normal." 



The occurrence of tubercle bacilli in the circulating blood, A. Rothackek 

 and Charon (CcntM. Bakt. [etc.], 1. AM., Orig., 69 (1913), No. 7, pp. 478-496).— 

 The results of the test show that the StJiubli-Schnitter method gives micro- 

 scopical preparations which contain acid-fast bacilli other than tubercle bacilli. 

 Many artifacts are also produced which are often mistaken for the tubercle 

 bacillus. According to this, the only criterion for judging the presence of 

 tubercle bacilli is the animal test. 



Of the 46 specimens of blood examined, taken during all stages of the disease, 

 only one, a case of miliary tuberculosis, gave a positive animal test. On the 

 other hand, 12 cases showed with the Ziehl-Neelson method acid-fast bacilli 

 which gave suspicions of being of tuberculous origin. The amount of these 

 organisms was always in proportion to the gravity of the disease. 



A bibliography comprising 68 titles is appended. 



Tubercle bacilli in the blood, Jane L. Berry (Jour. Infect. Diseases, 14 

 (1914), No. 1, pp. 162-175). — "Notwithstanding the large number of investi- 

 gators who have made a study of the presence of tubercle bacilli in the cir- 

 culating blood, it is nevertheless a fact that the most striking point about the 



