VETERINARY MEDICINE. 85 



inoculation witli tubercle bacilli than other pigs of the same litter fed with car- 

 bohydrates and fat. 



Experiments regarding the vaccination of cattle against tuberculosis by 

 the intravenous injection of tubercle bacilli of the human and avian types, 

 J. M'Fadyean, a. L. Sheatheb, J. T. Edwabds, and F. C. Minett (Jour. 

 Compar. Path, and Ther., 26 {1913), A'o. 4, pp. 327-390, figs. 5).— The chief 

 purpose of the experiments was to test the efficiency of intravenous injections 

 of the avian type of tubercle bacilli in immunizing cattle against bovine tubercle 

 bacilli. For comparison, some animals were vaccinated with tubercle bacilli 

 of the human type. The conclusions drawn from the work are as follows : 



"By the intravenous inoculation of avian tubercle bacilli it is possible to 

 confer on healthy calves a markedly increased power of resistance to infection 

 with bacilli of the bovine type. Such a method of vaccinating young cattle 

 against tuberculosis involves little or no risk to the animals. When the vac- 

 cination of young cattle against tuberculosis is considered advisable, avian 

 bacilli should be preferred to human, in order to avoid the danger of infecting 

 human beings with bacilli persisting in the bodies of the vaccinated animals and 

 passed out with their milk. 



Piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis, Descazeaux (Bui. Soc. Cent. M6d. V^t., 

 91 (191.',),No.J,, pp. 103-106).— In the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, these diseases 

 constitute a veritable plague for imported cattle, the mortality from the two 

 diseases at times being as high as from 80 to 95 per cent. Piroplasmosis is 

 caused entirely by Piroplasina bigeminum and anaplasmosis by Anaplasma 

 margitialc and A. centrale, both of the latter causing forms which are nearly 

 always fatal. Piroplasmosis is widespread throughout the State, while ana- 

 plasmosis exists only in certain limited regions. The information at hand 

 shows that anaplasmo.sis has been introduced into the State of Sao Paulo with 

 imported animals. Immunity measures are discussed. 



The etiology, pathology, and therapeutics of bovine piroplasmosis in the 

 State of Sao Paulo, J. Descazeaux (Bui. Soc. Cent. MM. V^t., 90 (1913), No. 

 22, pp. 392-410, figs. 4)- — It is stated that trypanblue when injected subcuta- 

 neously always has a curative effect in artificial cases of piroplasmosis but that 

 in cases naturally contracted it is not always efficacious. The autoagglutination 

 of erythrocytes always precedes the appearance of piroplasms in the blood. 

 The gravity of the affection is not dependent upon the number of piropalsms but 

 upon their virulence. 



Report on the use of salvarsan in septic pneumonia of bovines, Steinhausz 

 (Abs. in Rev. Gen. M6d. V6t., 22 (1913), No. 263, pp. 617, 6i8).— During the 

 course of an epidemic of septic pneumonia in valuable animals the author ad- 

 ministered salvarsan. From 0.5 to 0.9 grains were used without danger on calves 

 under 3 weeks of age. It is said to have given excellent results and to merit 

 recommendation. 



Verminous bronchitis in bovines, G. Mousstr (Rec. Med. V^t., 90 (1913), 

 No. 21, pp. 677-S84). — This disease, due to Strongylus micrurus, is said to have 

 caused an enormous loss of cattle in the valleys of the Seine and Loire, France. 



Studies of the development of Hypoderma bovis and means for its de- 

 struction, A. Lucet (Compt. Rend. Acad. Set. [Paris], 138 (1914), No. 11, pp. 

 812-814). — A report of studies of the ox warble, which is a source of great 

 loss to agriculturists in France. 



Progress and results of cattle tick eradication ( U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. 

 Indus., Progress and Results of Cattle-Tick Eradication, 1914, PP- i2).— This 

 summai-y of the results obtained in the eradication of Margornpus annulatus 

 is based upon about 1,000 replies to a questionnaire carried on among stockmen 



