VETERINARY MEDICINE. 87 



Much can be said with reference to the need of accurate diagnosis of hoi? 

 cholera because there are often cases in which it is difficult to decide whether 

 it is hog cholera or swine plague. 



The above is discussed by Wassernianu, Hiiudel. ;ind I^hmann. 



The relation of shoat typhoid to virus hog- cholera, W. Pfeiler and K. 

 Standfuss (Ztsclir. Infektionskrank. n. Hyg. Haustiere, IJf {1913), No. 7, pp. 

 Jf09-421). — Uhlenhuth and his school hold that the Bacillus xoldagscn is simply 

 a secondary invader and only a variety of the B. suipestifer (Salmon and 

 Smith). Shoat typhoid and hog cholera are diseases caused by entirely dif- 

 ferent factors. Shoat typhoid is of greater significance than is usually sup- 

 posed. The disease is present in numerous instances in many places in Ger- 

 many and other portions of the European Continent. 



In some previous tests (E. S. R., 28, p. 183) it was shown that shoats immu- 

 nized passively against hog cholera and uuimmunized shoals became infected 

 with shoat typhoid when fed with the B. voldagsen. As passive immunity lasts 

 only a relatively short time, the authors in the present investigation thought 

 it best first to immunize passively and then to infect the animals with virus 

 in order to produce an active immunity toward hog cholera. Accordingly four 

 pigs about 8 weeks old, having weights up to 25 kg., received a primary injec- 

 tion of 10 cc. of serum and 2 cc. of vaccine I ((Jans), and 14 days later au 

 injection of 3 cc. of vaccine II. Whether hogs can be immunized actively 

 against hog cholera by this method is to be discussed in another r>aper. How- 

 ever, three of the pigs did not take the disease, although two received one- 

 eighth of a loopful of the culture of the B. voldngsen and the remainder were 

 kept in the same corral with infected animals; one of the latter gi-oup died 

 after 6 weeks and came to autopsy. The results seemed to indicate that pigs 

 'tumunized against hog cholera are immune to pig typhoid. 



On this account the experiments were repeated with eight pigs, four being 

 immunized against hog cholera and the remainder kept as controls. All of 

 the animals were exposed to the natural source of infection. One of the 

 four unimmunized animals died within 12 days from unknown causes, no 

 changes being noted in the organs.- iUiother did not become sick but was used 

 later for some other tests and eventually died of hog cholera. No changes 

 characteristic of hog typhoid were present, but from its organs the B. voldagscn 

 was obtained. The remaining two animals of the group remained sound. Of the 

 pigs immunized passively-actively against hog cholera three became sick with 

 I'ig typhoid. One died of typhoid, another was slaughtered, a third was 

 backward in growth, and died 4 months later as the result of virus infection 

 but with lesions characteristic of pig typhoid. The fourth was also stunted in 

 growth and was probably affected with typhoid. 



The above tests, according to the authors, emphasize the fact that shoat 

 typhoid can occur without a previous primary infection with hog-cholera virus 

 and that it is due to an independent pathogenic organism. This disease muse 

 be considered an entity different from hog cholera. 



Forage poisoning or equine encephalomyelitis, A. T. Kinslet (Proc. Anier. 

 Yet. 2Ied. As.^oc, 50 {1913), pp. JflS-4S8, pis. 2). — ^A general discussion of the 

 subject with references to the literature. 



The etiology of equine influenza, L. Panisset {Rev. Gen. Med. Vet., 22 

 (1913), No. 263, pp. 606-612). — A review of recent literature on the subject. 



The treatment of equine pneumonia with iodocol, E. Houdemek {Rev. Gen. 

 Med. V6t., 22 {1913), No. 257-258, pp. 217-221, figs. 4; abs. in Ann. MM. Vet., 

 C.2 {1913), No. 12, pp. 689, 690).— It is stated that the daily injection of 5 cc. 

 vt iodocol for 6 days results in rapid improvement, the temperature ordinarily 

 dropping after the second injection. The iodocol appears to have special elec- 

 48456°— No. 1—14 7 



