HORTICULTURE. 141 



Wisley Gardens, arranged iu order according to the average date of flowering 

 for the period 1908 to 1913. 



Tlie author concludes that there is a general regularity in the order of the 

 flowering of pears as with apples. Although deviations from this order may 

 occur each season they are not sufBciently marked to destroy the value of the 

 list as a guide to varieties that should be planted near one another in order to 

 facilitate pollination. 



The effects of fertilizers in a cultivated orchard, J. H. Goueley (Neio 

 Hampshire Sta. Bui. 168 (1914), pp. 3-31, figs. 15).— In this bulletin the author 

 reviews the more important investigations dealing with the fertilization of 

 apple orchards and gives the results of various culture and fertilizer treat- 

 ments on a bearing Baldwin apple orchard for a 5-year period. The orchard 

 in question was about 26 years old when the experiment started and had pre- 

 viously been gi'owing in sod and yielding unsatisfactory crops. The hay crop 

 was removed annually. The orchard was divided into some 12 plats, which in- 

 cluded the sod-mulch treatment, cultivation the odd year followed by a cover 

 crop and seeded the even year, cultivation the even year followed by a cover 

 crop and seeded the odd year, clean cultivation throughout the season, and 

 cultivation and cover crop with complete fertilizers and with fertilizers con- 

 taining excesses of phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium. A portion of the 

 fertilizer plats was also limed. The factors considered in this experiment are 

 yield, growth, and size of fruit. 



The results secured for the 5-year period show all methods of treatment to be 

 superior to growing trees in sod. The plat which has been cultivated annually 

 every two weeks until September 1 without using a cover crop has given bet- 

 ter yield and growth than cultivation every other year with a cover crop in the 

 alternate year. A good system of culture such as cultivating the orchard 

 every two weeks until midsummer then seeding down with crimson clover, has 

 given practically as good results in yield of fruit and growth of tree as that 

 obtained by the addition of a complete fertilizer or one in which either phos- 

 phoric acid, potash, or nitrogen are used in excess in the complete fertilizer. 

 Thus far no cash return has been secured for the fertilizer that has been used 

 in the orchard. Size of fruit has been increased by the use of fertilizers, espe- 

 cially those high in nitrogen and potash, and reports for the year 1913 show that 

 the area and weight of the leaves were increased by the use of fertilizers. 

 Lime had no appreciable effect on any of the factors considered. Color of 

 fruit has not been increased by any combination of fertilizers employed. 



Spraying program for orchard and vineyard i!i South Carolina, A. F. 

 CoNBADi and H. W. Baere (South Carolina Sta. Circ. 25 (WlJf), pp. 8). — This 

 circular contains concise directions for the summer spraying of orchard fruits 

 and grapes, including instructions for preparing spray mixtures. 



Analyses for poison of apples sprayed with aresenate of lead in mid- 

 summer, C. D. Woods (Maine Sta. Bui. 224 UOlJf), pp. 46-48). — In connection 

 with some spraying experiments for the control of brown-tail moths in the or- 

 chard at Highmoor farm the trees were sprayed with arsenate of lead the first 

 week iu August. Analyses were made of the apples at the harvest time to 

 determine whether appreciable quantities of arsenic could be found in the 

 fruit. 



The results of the spraying and the analyses indicated that midsummer spray- 

 ing with lead arsenate is an effective way of combating the brown-tail moth, and 

 that the amount of arsenic or of lead that will remain at harvest upon the 

 apples sprayed in midsummer with arsenate of lead is so slight as to have no 

 practical bearing. 



