252 EXPERIMENT STATION" RECOED. 



tween the pupa and moth is not so vStriking. The silkworm never loses its 

 nitrogen in gaseous form while metamorphosing. Fat is accumulated when 

 the silkworm pupates, but during the pupal and moth stage the greater part of 

 it is consumed." 



The amount of nitrogen in the phosphotungstic acid precipitate is much 

 smaller in every stage of the metamorphosis than the nitrogen in the filtrate 

 therefrom. In the cocoon the amount of nitrogen precipitable by phospho- 

 tungstic acid is very small. "In the pupal and moth stage the waste of body 

 protein is repaired with amino acids, and a part of the latter is further trans- 

 formed into ammonia. Splitting of the protein in the silkworm is caused by 

 the action of some proteolytic enzym." 



The maize pyralid (Pyrausta nubilalis), A. Vuillet {Rev. Phytopath. Appl., 

 1 (1913), No. 8, pp. 105-107, fig. 1; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 1 {1913), Ser. A, 

 No. 11, pp. 409, 4i0). — The caterpillars of Chloridea obsoleta, Laphygma exigua, 

 and others, particularly P. vnMIalis, are said to be the chief enemies of corn 

 plants in southwestern France. It appears that P. nuhilalis has but few or 

 no parasitic enemies. 



Biological and economic notes are presented. 



The control of the codling^ moth in the Pecos Valley in New Mexico, 

 A. L. QuAiNTANCE {U. 8. Dept. Ag<r. Bui. 88 {1914), PP- 8, figs. 4).— This 

 bulletin reports the results of experiments with control measures carried on 

 during 1912 and 1913 by the late A. G. Hammar and his assistants under 

 the direction of the author. The results of work carried on in an orchard at 

 Rosvi'ell, N. Mex,, are presented in detail. 



The plat which received a total of 3 applications of an arsenate of lead 

 spray gave 95.13 per cent sound fruit. The plat with 4 applications yielded 

 98.72 per cent of sound fruit, and that which received 5 spray applications, 99.39 

 per cent. The unsprayed plat showed only 40.77 per cent of the fruit free from 

 codling moth injury. It has been found that in New Mexico the calyx lobes of 

 the small fruit may remain open in suitable condition for calyx spraying for 

 a period of from 2 to 3 weeks, thus differing somewhat from the East where 

 a i>eriod of only about 10 days follows the dropping of the apple blossoms 

 before the calyx lobes close. 



The results have led the author to recommend that the first application, 

 consisting of 6 lbs. of arsenate of lead to 200 gal. of water, be made as soon as 

 the petals have fallen; the second application, consisting of 8 lbs. of arsenate 

 of lead to 200 gal. of water, about 2 weeks after the falling of the petals ; and 

 the third application at the same strength 8 or 9 weeks after the falling of the 

 petals. 



Lesser bud moth, E. W. Scott and J. H. Paine {U. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. 

 Research, 2 {1914), No. 2, pp. 161, 162). — The occurrence of the lesser bud moUi 

 {Recurraria manella) was noted during the spring of 1912 while the authors 

 were engaged in apple spraying experiments at Benton Harbor, Mich. The 

 injury caused is said to have been severe in a neglected orchard at that place, 

 this insect being the most Important factor in the destruction of the entire 

 Crop of fruit. The character of the injury, the attack on the swelling buds, 

 find the tying together of the growing leaves led the authors to attribute the 

 damage to the eye-spotted bud moth, but studies the following year led to the 

 identification of the pest and the discovery of an insect the economic im- 

 portance of which had not previouslj* been recorded in the United States. 



The authors' observations of the life history of this pest are said to corre- 

 spond in detail with those of Houghton dn England in 1903 (E. S. R., 15, p. 

 787). A brief review of the literature consisting of 6 titles follows. 



