RURAL ECONOMICS. 293 



Engin., 66 (1914), No. 8, pp. 231-2S4, figs. 8).— This article describes aud 

 illustrates devices including generators, accelerators, lieat retainers and intensi- 

 Iiers, etc., " all of which are designed to allow an increase in the temperature 

 of the water in a hot water heating system by sealing it to the atmosphere and 

 by the maintenance of a small pressure within the apparatus quicken or ac- 

 celerate the circulation." 



Planning' lighting installations, J. B. Jackson (Jour. Electricity, 32 (1914), 

 Nos. 8, pp. 164, i^^> 9, pp. 184, 185, fig. 1). — The author presents by means of 

 tables of data, diagrams, and discussions, a simple method of calculating illu- 

 mination for residences which though approximate is considered applicable to 

 the majority of lighting installations. 



Housing and town planning-, edited by C. Aeonovici {Philadelphia, 1914, PP- 

 VI-\-270). — This collection includes papers dealing with the new and old house 

 and with town planning. Topics of rural interest are Housing and the Housing 

 Problem, by C. Aronovici ; The Workingman's Home and Its Architectural 

 Problems, by F. A. Bourne; The Old House as a Social Problem, by Mildred 

 Chadsey; Fire Wa.ste, by P. Evans; and Rural Housing, by E. S. Forbes. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Farmers' law, L. V. Koos (St. I'aul, Minn., 1913, pp. 156, figs. 18). — The 

 author has attempted to prepare a concise manual of such common and statute 

 laws as bear most closely upon the farmer in his everyday affairs. Thj^ edition 

 applies primarily to conditions in Minnesota. 



Handbook of agricultural laws, compiled by E. O. Luther (Nashville, 

 Tenn.: Dept. Agr. 1912, pp. 89). — There are given in this handbook the laws 

 relating to the bureau of agriculture, fei'tilizers, agricultural seeds, food control, 

 state board of entomologj', apiaries, department of immigration, state fairs, 

 live stock control, and legal weights and measures. 



The problem of double entry farm bookkeeping, B. Lambergeb (Beitrdge 

 zu den Prohlcincn dcr DoppeJtcn LandicirtscaftUrhen BiKlifiihrung. Diss. 

 Univ. Giessen, 1913, pp. 106). — The principal part of the author's discussion is 

 devoted to the various methods that may be used to determine the value of the 

 crops which are produced and consumed on the farm and to determine their 

 profitableness or unprofitableness. 



Agricultural credit. — Personal or short-term credit (U. 8. Senate, 63. Cong. 

 2. Sess., Doc. 380, pt. 3 (1914), PP- 32). — This report contains an analysis of the 

 findings of the United States Commission (E. S. R., 28, p. 301) in regard to 

 the uses of personal or short-term credit as found in European countries. The 

 Commission believes that although it is within the power of Congress to pass 

 laws providing for credit unions or cooperative credit as.sociations and make 

 them fiscal agents of the National Government yet the conditions of agriculture 

 differ so widely, the needs of the farmers vary so greatly, and the status of the 

 different classes of people in rural communities are so unlike that laws relat- 

 ing to short-term credit can best be enacted by the various state legislatures. 

 See also a previous note (E. S. R., 30, p. 792). 



Agricultural credit in the French colonies, L. Gamard and L. Taedy (Ann. 

 Sci. Agron., 4- ser., 3 (1914), No. 2, pp. 57-83). — The author outlines the organi- 

 zation of agricultural credit in France and the principal French colonies, and 

 concludes that the only system which can be a success is a mutual credit organi- 

 zation from underneath, that is to say it must be based on local institutions 

 where the members know each other and can observe what is being done with 

 the loans. 



