356 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



parasites of the San Jose scale were numerous in New York State during 1913. 

 In order to determine tlie range of the species infested wood was collected from 

 unsprayed trees in the more important fruit districts of the State, including 20 

 towns representing 13 counties. From the material 5 species were reared, 

 namely, Prospaltella pemiciosi, Aphelinus fuscipennis, A. diaspidis, Signiphora 

 nigrita, and Perissopterus pulchellus, the last two species mentioned being com- 

 paratively unimportant. Taking the State as a whole breeding records for 

 September and October, 1913, indicate that Prospaltella pemiciosi was about the 

 most numerous species during that period, though A. diaspidis was numerically 

 greater in two counties, and A. fuscipennis ranked first in three counties. 



In order to determine the ratio of parasitism numerical counts were made of 

 scales after the rearings of the parasites were completed, some 20,000 individ- 

 uals being examined of which about 3,500 contained exit holes of the hymenop- 

 terans. The percentage of affected scales was variable, and on the average 

 ranged between 12 and 24 for the whole State. Some attention was also di- 

 rected to the occurrence of parasites in orchards which had been regularly 

 sprayed with lime-sulphur solution, it being found that in some instances 12 

 per cent of the scales were destroyed by the hymenopterans. 



Ticks : The diseases which they transmit and means for their destruction, 

 R. Van Saceghem {Bui. Agr. Congo Beige, 5 {1914), ^o. 1, pp. 73-87).— This is 

 a summarized account. 



An endoparasitic mite in the lung' of Macacus rhesus, F. Landois and 

 H. HOEPKE {Ccntbl. Bakt. [efc], 1. AM., Orig., 73 {19U), A^o. 6, pp. 384-395, 

 pi. 1, figs. S). — The name Pneumotuher macaci is given to the mite here dealt 

 with. A bibliography of 45 titles relating to the subject is appended. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



Supplementing our meat supply with fish, Mary E. Pennington {U. S. 

 Dept. Agr. Yearbook 1913, pp. 191-206). — The author points out the similarity 

 of fish to meat in respect to its nutritive value, and summarizes statistical data 

 regarding the fishery industries in this and other countries. Information is 

 given regarding the kind and cost of fish in the American market, and brief 

 statements made as to the preparation of fish for the table. 



Concerning whitefish of Masurian Lakes of East Prussia, A. Gabbiel and 

 R. LiMPKiCH {Ztschr. Untersuch. Nahr. u. Genussmtl., 27 {1914), ^o. 1-3, pp. 

 S4-S8). — Methods of curing European whitefish {Coregonus, sp.) are described 

 and analyses are reported. 



Points which aid in determining whether or not flatfish have died in the 

 water, Jugeat {Hyg. Viande et Lait, 8 {1914), ^^o. 2, pp. 57-63, figs. 2).— The 

 data recorded have to do with the detection and marketing of such fish. 



Sea mussels — what they are and how to cook them ( U. S. Dept. Com., Bur. 

 Fisheries Econ. Circ. 12 {1914), pp. 5, fig. i).— Some statements are made regard- 

 ing the natural supply, flavor, and nutritive value of sea mussels, their cooking 

 is discussed, and 18 recipes for their use are given. 



The effect of cold upon the larvae of Trichinella spiralis, B. H. Ransom 

 {Science, n. ser., 39 {1914), No. 996, pp. 181-183).— A preliminary report is 

 made of experiments carried out to determine the effect of cold storage upon 

 the larva of Trichinella in pork. 



It was found that most of the parasites survive when exposed to a tempera- 

 ture of from 11 to»15° F. for a period as long as 6 days, but when exposed to 

 a temperature of about 0° they succumb quickly. In view of the difficulty of 

 detecting these parasites in pork by microscopical examination, the possible 

 use of refrigeration of ix)rk as a means of preventing trichinosis is suggested. 



