FOODS — HUMAN NUTRITION. 361 



ruilk an hour or two before retiring is tbe usual supper, though this is often 

 omitted. 



The principle on which the diet was selected is the use lu moderate quantity 

 of simple foods, which experience has shown to agree with the user, and of such 

 a physical character that maceration in the mouth talies the place of mastica- 

 tion, which, in this particular case, is not possible. 



Health through diet, K. G. and A. Haig [London, 1913, pp. X+227+31).— 

 The author believes the uric-acid-free diet is desirable and makes a plea for it. 

 Texlbook on physiological chemistry. — I, The organic nutrients and their 

 behavior in cell metabolism, E. ^Vjjderhaldkn {Leitrbiich dcr PhysioJoglsclicn 

 C'hcmie. — 1. TeU, Die Organischon Nahrungsstoffe and ihr VcrhaUen iin Zell- 

 stoffwechsel. Berlin and Vietvna, lOlJf, vol. 1, S. ed., pp. TIII-\-736, figs. 2). — 

 This volume, which presents the author's course of class-room lectures, has to 

 do with carbohydrates, fats, protein, nucleo-proteids, and similar topics; the 

 fate of such substances in the body; and other matters having to do with meta- 

 bolism. The volume, which has been thoroughly revised, is a valuable contribu- 

 tion to the literature of physiological chemistry. 



Observations on the processes of resorption in the cellular organism, M. 

 RuBNER {Arch. Anat. u. Physiul., Physiol. Aht., 1913, pp. 240-258; abs. in Chem. 

 Zentbl., 1913, II, No. 26, p. 2149). — The author's observations were made with 

 yeast, the experiments having to do with the resorption of protein and sugar. 



The resorption phenomena were found to be directly derxjndent upon the vital 

 properties of living substance. In the case of nitrogen a decided selective func- 

 tion was noted with reference to nutritive material and resorption phenomena. 

 In the case of the yeast cell resorption consists of two parts, namely, adsorption 

 and peneti'ation through the cell wall. 



The investigations also report the results of comparative studies regarding 

 the phenomena of resorption in a single cell organism and in a more complicated 

 one. 



Concerning resorption phenomena in the intestine, N. A. Dobrowolskaja 

 {Biochem. Ztschr., 56 (1913), No. 4, pp. 267-290; abs. in Chem. Zentbl, 1914, I, 

 No. 1, pp. 47, 48). — Experiments are reported on the resorption of protein 

 cleavage products. Contradictory results wore obtained. 



Contribution to the experimental study of the role of the spleen in diges- 

 tion, C. L. RuscA (Gaz. Med. Ital., 63 {1912), Nos. 35, pp. 331-333; 36, pp. 341, 

 342; abs. in Zentbl. Biochem. u. Biophys., 16 {1914), ^^o. 7-8, pp. 243, 244).— 

 The experiments, which were made with dogs, did not lead to definite conclu- 

 sions. 



The effect of a one-sided diet upon the composition of the body and upon 

 the respiratory exchange in a subsequent fasting period, F. Kleinert 

 (Ztschr. Biol., 61 (1913), No. 8, pp. 342-372, figs. 5).— The experiments, which 

 were made with dogs, led to the conclusion that the gaseous exchange and the 

 respiratory quotient in fasting are influenced by the food taken during the pe- 

 riod preceding the fasting period and by the composition of the body as affected 

 by the food. In reaching such a conclusion, account must naturally be taken of 

 other disturbing factors, such as muscular work and the upsetting of the general 

 condition. 



The effect upon the metabolism of man and animals of long- continued 

 excessive diet of carbohydrate without protein, E. Grafe {Dent. Arch. Klin. 

 Med. 113 (1913), No. 1-2, pp. 1-91; abs. in Zentbl. Biochem. u. Biophys., 16 

 (1914), No. 9-10, pp. 307, 308).— In experiments with man (an insane person 

 and a woman professional faster) and with animals it was found that an exces- 



