382 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



detailed report of studies carried on in continuation of those reported by de 

 Jong, previously noted (E. S. R., 28, p. 886). 



While the portal of entry has not been positively determined, the bacillus is 

 thought to be ingested by the horse in its feed. 



Colics and their treatment, edited by D. M. Campbell (Chicago, 1914, PP- 

 137). — This is the third volume of the Veterinary Medical Series (E. S. R., 27, 

 p. 377; 31, p. 88). Its contents Include Differentiation of the Various So-called 

 Colics, by R. P. Lyman, Stomach Lavage in Acute Indigestion of the Horse, 

 by D. O. Knisely, Surgical Treatment of Colics in Horses, by L. A. Merillat, 

 Impaction of the Cecum in the Horse, by A. T. Gilyard, Colics in the Horse, 

 by D. S. White, and Medicinal Treatment of Colic in the Horse, by E. L. 

 Quitman. 



The diag'nosis of dourine by complement fixation, J. R. Mohler, A. Eich- 

 HOEN, and J. M. Buck (Proc. Amer. Vet. Med. A.s.soc, 50 {1913), pp. -^67-48^). — 

 Previously noted from another source (E. S. R.. 30, p. 83). 



Equine piroplasmosis : Types of parasites, M. Carpano (Cetithl. Bait, [etc.], 

 1. AM., Orig., 13 (WU), No. 1, pp. 13-^1, pis. 3, figs. 6).— The author describes 

 two piroplasms which occur in hor.ses in Italy, one a small variety named 

 NuttaUia equi by Fraoca, and most frequently encountered; the other a large 

 variety, first distinguished by Nuttall as bahesia caballi. That the two piro- 

 plasms are distinct has been shown by inoculation of an animal, which has 

 recovered from or become immune to one, with the other. The author states 

 that thei-e are two ticks which infest Italian horses, namely. RMpiceplialu^ 

 bursa and Margaropus {Boophilus) annulatus, that are probably responsible 

 for the transmission of these piroplasms. 



A bibliography is appended. 



Culture of equine piroplasms and views of the nature of anaplasms, M. 

 Carpano {Centhl. Bait, [etc.], I. Aht., Orig., 75 {WW, No. 1, pp. J,2-53, pi. 

 1). — The author describes the artificial culture of the parasites mentioned in 

 the article noted above in blood mixed with a solution of sodium chlorid and 

 sodium citrate. Bahesia caballi remains alive in this medium for many days, 

 but does not reproduce. XuttaUia equi reproduces, as in the blood, by division 

 and ultimately leads to the formation of small Anaplasma forms, regarded as 

 resistant stages. 



Further investigations of contagious pleuro-pneumonia of the horse, 

 Gaffky and LtJiiRS (Ztschr. Vcterinlirk., 25 {1913), No. 1, pp. 1-11, pis. 5; abs. 

 in Cornell Vet., 4 {1914), No. 1, pp. 49-51). — This is a report of further investi- 

 gations (E. S. R., 28. p. 482) conducted in the Imperial Institute for Infectious 

 Diseases. 



The authors' conclusions are as follows: 



"The local changes in the hmgs begin in the finest branches of the air pas- 

 sages. In the beginning of the disease thei'e is secretetl a glassy, transparent, 

 slightly gelatinous, yellowish material. This is surrounded by a thick layer 

 of cells and a serous infiltration. In the region of the affected bronchi the 

 alveoli are filled with a fluid rich in cells. In those places where the disease 

 foci ai'e near the pleura there is an infiltration of the subpleural tissue with 

 a transparent, yellowish, gelatinous fluid. The interlobular connective tissue 

 is infiltrated with serum. On the fourth or fifth day. not before, bacteria begin 

 to colonize in the diseased parts of the luug in the form of cocci arranged in 

 chains. These cause inflammatory, often hemorrhagic, changes that may lead 

 to extensive necrosis. 



" Transmission from horse to horse is usually direct. The incubation period 

 is at least 16 days, usually from 20 to 40 days, and over. Injection into suscep- 

 tible horses of the blood or parts of diseased organs from horses affected with 



