HORTICULTURE. 439 



{■i-op and froiu cutting the crop and raking it off. Tlie results Indicate that 

 jtlowing under large quantities of green vegetable matter during the summer 

 is not deleterious to the potato crop. The yield was slightly higher where 

 the green crop was turned under. 



A test of various early strains of tomatoes indicates that Sparks Earliana 

 is about the best foundation stock for breeding early varieties. 



Truck farming, H. Ness (Texas Sta. Circ. 3, n. ser. (1913), pp. 5-50, pis. 

 3). — This circular contains practical directions for growing the more important 

 vegetables with special reference to conditions in Texas. Introductory con- 

 siderations deal with the improvement and conservation of the soil, together 

 with the general principles of vegetable growing. 



Reg'ional distribution of fruits and factors controlling' it, J. C. Cunning- 

 ham (Proc. Soc. Hort. ScL, 10 (1913), pp. 160-165).— The author discusses a 

 number of natural and economic forces which have been influential in the 

 distribution of fruits in this country. The factors con.sidered include climate, 

 soil, market, transportation, advertisin.i?;, labor, and fungus and insect pests. 



Some observations on South American fruit production, present and 

 prospective, W. F. Wight (Proc. Soc. Hort. Sci., 10 (1913), pp. 122-133) .—In 

 this paper the author points out some of the more conspicuous features of the 

 fruit industry in South America. 



Orchard management (Nebraska Sta. Rpt. 1913, pp. X, XI). — A brief note 

 on the relative efficiency of Bordeaux and lime-sulphur for controlling both 

 apple scab and apple blotch. 



Bordeaux was more effective as a fungicide but caused more injury to the 

 fruit, except in the case of the first spraying, which is given before the blos- 

 soms open. It is recommended that Bordeaux be used for the first spraying 

 and lime-sulphur for the three subsequent sprayings, except where the weather 

 conditions become extremely dry and hot, in which case Bordeaux should 

 be substituted for the lime-sulphur. 



The penetration method of spraying, that is, the application of material in 

 coarse drops at a very high pressure from a Bordeaux nozzle, proved more 

 effective as a control of the codling moth than did the mist spraying in so far 

 as the second or petal-fall spray was concerned. The best results were secured 

 by using the penetration spray at this time and the mist spray for all later 

 sprayings. 



Composition of lime-sulphur solutions, A. C. Whittier and F. Thompson 

 (Proc. Soc. Hort. Sci., 10 (1913), pp. 11-16). — Analyses of various commer- 

 cially-boiled and self-boiled lime-sulphur solutions lead the authors to con- 

 clude that the only appreciable chemical difference between self-boiled and 

 diluted commercially boiled lime-sulphur is in the amount of free calcium 

 hydrate, the former containing an amount practically equal to that in a satu- 

 rated solution of lime water, while that in the diluted commercial product is 

 nearly negligible. 



Commercially boiled lime-sulphur solution diluted with lime water to dif- 

 ferent strengths was applied to peach trees as a summer spray. None of the 

 solutions caused injury, although one contained five times as much polysulphid 

 as did the strongest self-boiled solution analyzed. Although no conclusive 

 experiments have been thus far conducted, the results of the test indicate that 

 the injury usually caused by commercial lime-sulphur solutions may be avoided 

 providing a sufficient amount of free lime is present. 



A new spray rig, J. L. Strahan (Cornell Countryman, 11 (1914), No. 9, 

 p. 312, figs. 3). — The spraying machine here illustrated and described is of the 

 two-wheeled type, the wheels consisting of sheet-metal cylinders 4J ft. in 

 60741°— No. 5—14 4 



