ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 451 



it is believed tliat this disease is the same as that described by Miss lugram 

 (E. S. R.. 27, p. (554). 



A little-known disease of chestnut and oak trees, F. D. Heiald {Abs. in 

 Plnjtopathologu, // {I'JlJt), No. 1, p. 4U). — The author describes a disease of 

 chestnut and oalc trees due to Strumella coryneoidea. 



Two forms of the disease are recognized, first, the canlier type, in which the 

 progress of the fungus is slow, with a pronouiiced callus formation at the ad- 

 vancing edge of the lesion ; and second, the diffuse type, in which the fungus 

 spreads more rapidly, killing the tissues so quickly that callus formation is 

 impossible. Between these two forms there are said to be intermediate types. 

 The trouble has been observed in widely separated localities in Pennsylvania 

 and it is believed to be of general distribution in forests of the State. 



The relation of temperature to the expulsion of ascospores of Endothia 

 parasitica, II. C \Valton {Abs. in PhytitinitluAogy. If (1914), A'o. 1, p. 52). — 

 Pleld and laboratory tests are reported upon to determine the effect of tempera- 

 ture on the expulsion of ascospores of the chestnut blight fungus. 



From November 26, 1912. to March 20, 1913, with maximum temperatures of 

 from 35 to 60° F. there was no expulsion of ascospores. In the laboratory, when 

 tested at temperatures from 30 to 100°, there was no expulsion of spores at the 

 lowest temperature, but at higher temperatures there was a gradual increase in 

 the amount until (he optimum was reached, beyond which expulsion gradually 

 lessened. 



Wind dissemination of ascospores of the chestnut blight fungus, F. D. 

 Heald, M. W. Gardner, and R. A. Studiialter {Abs. in Phytopathology, Jf 

 (191 Jf), No. 1, p. 51). — In a previous account (E. S. R., 29, p. 753) the results 

 of ascospore dissemination under artificial conditions were describetl. In the 

 present paper experiments under natural conditions are reported upon which 

 indicate that viable spores were caught in agar plates 305 ft. to the leeward of 

 infected trees. Prolonged exposures were made of sterile water in dishes located 

 380 ft. from the nearest chestnut tree, and when plated out colonies of the 

 fungus developed in abundance. 



Insects as carriers of the chestnut blight fungus, R. A. Studh alter (Abs. 

 in Phytopathology, 4 (1914), No. 1, p. 52). — ^An investigation was made of 75 

 insects as possible carriers of spores of Endothia parasitica. Eight specimens 

 of Lcptostylus macnlata gave positive results, indicating that this beetle is an 

 important agent in the dissemination of spores of the blight fungus. 



Control of the B-ibes generation of the white pine blister rust, C. von 

 TuBEUF (Naturw. Ztschr. Forst u. Landw., 12 (1914), No. 3, pp. 137-139). — 

 Discussing a previous contribution by himself (E. S. R., 31, p. 50), also one by 

 Ewert (E. S. R., 31, p. 346), the author states that tender shoots of young pines 

 are infected by sporidia from Cronartium ribicolum originating on Ribes, and 

 that infection from pine to pine does not occur. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



The common mole. — Runway studies; hours of activity, T. H. Scheffer 

 (Trans. Kans. Acad. Set., 26 (1912). pp. 160-163, fig. i).— This is supplementary 

 to the observations previously noted (E. S. R., 23, p. 752). ^ 



The infection of rats with Bacterium pseudopestis murium and goiter, 

 B. Galli-Valerio (Ccntbl. Bait, {ctc.^, 1. Abt., Orig., 10 (1913), No. 5-6, pp. 

 218-281, figs. 4)- — This second note confirms and completes the preceding one 

 (E. S. R., 29, p. 58) on the role of this organism in the development of goiter in 

 rats. 



