ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 453 



Insects of tobacco, J. Johnson {Wisconsin Sta. Bui. 237 (1914), PP- S-34, 

 figs. JO). — This is a popular account of the insect enemies of tobacco and the 

 methods of controL 



Insect enemies of fruit trees, P. Lesne {Jour. Agi: Prat., n. ser., 26 {1913), 

 No. 45, pp. 596-600, pi. 1). — This is a brief account of the more important 

 insect enemies of fruit trees in France. 



[Work with cranberry insects in 1913], H. J. Franklin {Ann. Rpt. Cape 

 Cod Cranberry Growers' Assoc., 26 {1913), pp. 32-42). — The spanworm referred 

 to in tlie author's last report (E, S. R., 28, p. 854) as the true cranberry span- 

 worm has been found to differ from that so named by Smith (E. S. R., 15, 

 p. 381). This new spanworm is said to have caused a great deal of damage 

 on a bog at Yarmouth. In studies of its life history, 33 moths emerged 

 between June G and June 15 from 42 pupse collected on August 15, 1012, no 

 parasites being reared therefrom. Barn swallows and tree swallows are 

 said to be important enemies of the adult moths. The dissection of moths 

 has shown at least 295 eggs to be deposited by the most productive and 187 

 by the least productive. 



Tlie experimental work with insects was confined to the flowed bog fire- 

 worm (blackhead cranberry worm) and to the cranberry fruit worm. Studies 

 of the fruit worm have shown the braconid Phanerotoma tibialis to outnumber 

 all of its other parasites. All parasites obtained from the berries collected at 

 the center of the state bog. all but one of those from the edge of this bog, 

 and about four-fifths of the parasites from the berries collected from the 

 dry bog were of this si^ecies. The berries from the dry bog produced nearly 

 three times as many parasites in proportion to the fruit worm moths which 

 emerged as did the berries from the flowed bog. " The time of the greatest 

 emergence of the parasites from the berries from all three locations mentioned 

 was from June 30 to July 9, inclusive. As slightly more parasites than moths 

 emerged from the worms of the berries from the dry bog, it seems highly 

 probable that more than 50 per cent of the fruit worms on that bog last year 

 were killed by these parasites. This shows something of the importance of 

 the natural enemies of this insect which we have been in the habit of consider- 

 ing as being comparativelj' free from parasites." 



P. tibialis was found to deposit its eggs in the egg of the fruit worm. 

 Whether or not the egg of the parasite hatches before that of the fruit worm 

 has not been determined, but the fruit worm when it emerges from the egg 

 carries the small parasite with it. The parasite larva becomes full grown 

 sometime during the winter or spring, and emerging from the fruit worm forms 

 a white cocoon about itself within the cocoon of the fruit worm. 



The second most important parasite reared is a small ichneumon which 

 lays its egg in the fruit worm after it has hntclied and is working in the berry. 



A monograph of the jumping plant lice or Psyllidse of the IJew World, 

 D. L. Crawford (U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bui. 85 {1914), pp. IX+186, i)ls. 30).— The 

 study here presented has resulted in a complete rearrangement of the genera 

 of Psyllidse, a family of considerable economic importance. It is stated that 

 while only the American genera were treated in this monograph, yet most of 

 the genera of the world have been considered in connection with the new 

 system of classification here presented. The American genera have been ar- 

 ranged in 6 subfamilies, namely, Liviinte. Pauropsylliufe, Carsidarinfe, Ceriacre- 

 minje, Triozinaj. and Psyllinfe. Eight genera and 62 of the sjiecies recognized 

 are described as new. 



A bibliography of 8 pages is appended. 



