VETERINARY MEDICINE. 483 



Stringy, ropy, or gargety milk may or may not occur during tlae course of the 

 mastitis. 



'' In order to detect such infections, it might be necessary to examine milk 

 from each quarter for bacteria and for pus. This may explain the failure to 

 detect the source of the streptococci in some of the epidemics of sore throat. 

 No change was noted in the cultural or pathogenic propei'ties of the streptococci 

 after growing in the udder of a cow for four weeks. The presence of various 

 contaminating bacteria tend to inhibit the growth of hemolytic streptococci in 

 milk." 



The formation of arsenate in dipping tanks, J. Lewis (Agr. Jour. Union 

 So. Africa, 7 (1914), ^'o. 5, pp. 658-664).— In the first part of this paper the 

 literature relating to the subject is briefly reviewed. In a large number of 

 analyses made by the author of dips only four contained appreciable quan- 

 tities of arsenate. The studies lead to the conclusion that in tanks in use 

 the conflicting activities of the arsenate formers and the arseuite formers 

 result in the liquid being kept sufficiently constant in composition for all prac- 

 tical punioses. The author's advice is to continue using a dip unless there is 

 strong evidence that it has altered in compo.sition. 



The seventh annual report of the state veterinarian of Alabama, 1913, 

 C. A. Gary (Ann. Rpt. State Vet. Ala., 1913, pp. 50). — This reports ujion progress 

 and results of cattle tick eradication, gives directions for testing di]>s in dipping 

 vats for active arsenious acid, discusses hog cholera and its prevention, etc. 



Erysipelas in hog's and its relation to swine plague, W. Riebe (Der Rotlauf 

 der Schioeine und seine Wechselheziehungen zur Schweineseuche. Inaug. Diss., 

 Univ. Giessen, 1911, pp. 56; abs. in Hyg. Rundschau, 23 {1913), No. 12, pp. 740- 

 742). — Aggressins may be produced in rabbits infected with agar cultures of 

 the Bacillus erysipelatis. The swine plague aggressins act aggressively upon 

 the erysipelas bacteria, and mice vaccinated by the simultaneous method after 

 receiving swine plague aggressins die from acute erysipelas. Erysipelas exu- 

 dates act aggressively on swine plague bacteria and a nonlethal erysipelas 

 infection is made lethal by the administration of artificially prepared swine 

 plague exudates. 



For preparing sterile aggressins the erysipelas bacteria in the exudates are 

 killed with vapors of formaldehyde. Heating to 44° C. will not suffice for 

 preparing the aggressin because it requires four days to kill this organism at 

 this temperature. With formaldehyde it requires only four hours. Artificially 

 prepared erysipelas aggressins are toxic in large doses; erysipelas exudates 

 are not. The pericardial fluid of pigeons which have died from erysipelas has 

 not the aggressive properties. 



By exposing erysipelas bacteria, isolated from the spleen and kidneys, on 

 slides for fourteen days to sunlight the virulence for mice is lost. If kept 

 from the light, however, and stored in a cool place, the bacteria are still 

 virulent for mice after four weeks. The right half of the heart is more often 

 infected than the left. The valvular infections (endocarditis verrucosa) were 

 in the following order of frequency: (1) Bicuspid, (2) tricuspid. (.3) aortic, 

 and (4) the pulmonary valves. In the course of the tests a diplococcus causing 

 endocarditis was noted which was pathogenic for mice. The verrucose material 

 of the heart valves was usually pathogenic for mice, but viruses often occur 

 which show a diminished virulence. In thrombosis of the valves avirulent 

 forms of bacteria of granular consistency were noted in 7 out of 28 cases. 



The organs of pigs which died from endocarditis showed virulent bacteria, 

 and out of 28 cases the bacterium was noted in 14 cases by microscopical 

 methods and animal inoculation tests. In the remainder the organism could 



