BUBAL ENGINEERING. 485 



that are but a few weeks old. Chicks which survive frequently become pernia- 

 rent bacillus carriers, the ovary being the important seat of infection. The 

 eggs from such carriers often harbor the organism of the disease in the yolk. 

 Chicks that develop in infected eggs become in turn infecte<l. and have the 

 disease at the time of hatching. The disease is transmitted to normal chicks 

 through the infected droppings; thus an epidemic is produced, and the cycle of 

 infection is completed. 



" There is no evidence to indicate that germinal transmission through the 

 male takes place. In view of the frequent negative results bearing on this 

 question it seems probable that it does not." 



Studies on fowl cholera. — III, The inheritance in rabbits of immunity to 

 infection with, the bacterium of fowl cholera, P. B. Hadley (Rhode Island 

 Sta. Bui 157 (WlJf), pp. 285-307).— This continuation of the work previously 

 noted (E. S. R., 27, p. 583) has been summarized as follows: 



" Female rabbits, immunized by inoculation with an avirulent culture of the 

 fowl cholera bacterium are able to transmit to their offspring a high degree of 

 resistance to virulent cultures. Some immune mothers are able to produce such 

 immune offspring for at least more than 2 years and 3 mouths after the date 

 of their immunization. Immunity is not transmitted by the immune male. 

 The resistance in the offspring is not permanent, enduring for not more than 

 40 days. This inherited, passive resistance can be transformed into a durable, 

 active resistance by inoculating the young animals, sometime within the first 

 40 days of life, with a virulent culture." 



A bibliography of the cited literature is appended. 



A note on the occurrence of spirochetosis of fowls in Southern Nigeria, 

 J. W. S. Macfie and J. E. L. Johnston (Ann. Trop. Med. and Par., S (1914), 

 No. 1, pp. Jfl-^S, pis. 2). — This records the occurrence of this disease in Southern 

 Nigeria. 



On certain spontaneous chicken tumors as manifestations of a single dis- 

 ease {Jour. Expt. Med., 19 (191^), No. 6, pp. 570-580, pis. 6).— The first paper, 

 by P. Rous (pp. 570-576), deals with spindle-celled sarcomata rifted with blood 

 sinuses; and the second paper, by Linda B. Lange (pp. 577-580), with simple 

 spindle-celled sarcomata. 



RURAL ENGnTEERING. 



Flumes and llumlng, E. S. Bruce (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bvl. 87 (19W, pp. 36, 

 pis. 9, figs. 7). — This bulletin discusses the use of flumes in lumbering opera- 

 tions, and describes the most salient points of their construction. 



The author considers the V-shaped type of flume to be the most generally 

 used and generally satisfactory for the transportation of manufactured lumber 

 or timber in its different forms. The right angle is said to be the most satis- 

 factory form of V box construction for all purposes. Many different methods 

 and styles of construction are used in building V-shaped flumes, the sections 

 of which vary in length from 6 ft. up to 20 ft. ISIore commonly the lining of 

 boxes is constructed of two thicknesses of boards with the joints broken by 

 varying the width of the boards. " For railroad crossties, cants, poles, cord- 

 wood, etc., the 30-in. flume is usually large enough, wherever there is a sufli- 

 cient volume of water available to fill the flume two-thirds full, while for the 

 handling of logs, piling, long timbers, or ' brailed ' sawed lumber it is usually 

 advisable to have the flume constructed with the sides of the V from 40 to 60 

 in. in height, according to the volume of water available and the size of the 

 material to be handled." 



