DAIRY FARMING ^DAIRYING. 573 



matings of white to white, white to splash, white to self, splash to splash, and 

 splash to self. In general, the oftspring tend to be grouped around the parental 

 mean with respect to amount of color in -the plumage. The evidence supports 

 the conclusion that a number of factors are concerned in the production of 

 white and splashed birds." 

 A list of references is appended. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Dairying, J. A. Foord, E. B. Fitts, J. B. Lindsey, H. O. Daniels, A. J. 

 PiERPONT, P. H. Smith, W. P. B. Lockwood, and P. M. Harwood (Mass. Bd. 

 Agr. Bui. 6 {1914), PP- 14'^, pls. 11, figs. 5). — This bulletin is a compilation of 

 articles treating of general dairy topics, including barn building, breeding, care, 

 feeding, and management of dairy cattle, use of silage, production of market 

 milk, and related subjects. 



Cassava meal in feeding dairy cattle, Maxlevre (Bui. Soc. Nat. Agr. 

 France, 74 {1914), No. 6, pp. 638-644)- — In experiments in which cassava meal 

 was substituted for gluten meal in a regular ration of wheat bran, beets, chopped 

 straw, and alfalfa hay for dairy cattle no material gain was secured either in 

 quantity or quality of milk. 



Cobt of milk production, O. Erf {Cream, and Milk Plant Mo., 2 {1914), No. 

 10, p. 11). — The average cost of keeping a cow per year as detei*mined from 

 data secured by the Ohio Experiment Station is estimated to be $73.G8. After 

 crediting her with the by-products, the estimated cost of milk produced is for 

 a 3,000 lb. cow 21.1 cts. per gallon, for a 4,000 lb. cow 15.8. 5.000 lb. cow 12.7, 

 6,000 lb. cow 10.6. and 7,000 lb. cow 9.05 cts. 



Relation of conformation and mammary system to milk and butter fat 

 production, V, F. Dolcini {Univ. Cal. Jour. Agr., 1 {1914), No. 9, pp. 9-11). — 

 Studies made of the conformation of a number of cows lead the author to con- 

 clude that there is a positive correlation in most cases between the different 

 points of conformation and production and also a correlation between all points 

 of the mammary system and production. The important points seem to be cir- 

 cumference of barrel, width and depth of chest, open frame work, and rump 

 conformation. It was found that a pound of milk fat can be produced more 

 cheaply in a high producing animal than in a low producing one. 



The specific heat of milk and milk derivatives, A. R. Johnson and B. W. 

 Hammer (Jour. Indus, and Engin. Cliem., 6 (1914), No. 7, pp. 569-573, figs. 4)- — 

 The experimental technique is fully described and data are reported showing 

 the variation with the temperature of the specific heat of milk and a number of 

 milk products, including whey, skim milk, cream, and butter. 



Studies on the ash of colostrum, milk with particular reference to its 

 quantity and composition several days after calving, M. Sato (Trans. Sap- 

 poro Nat. Hist. Soc., 5 (1914), No. 2, pp. 96-110). — This reports analyses made 

 of the colostrum milk of six mature cows immediately after and 24 hours after 

 calving. The average specific gravity of the former was 1.0656, of the latter 

 1.0385; the fat content 4.8 -and 3.6 per cent; the ash content 1.03 and 0.899 per 

 cent ; and the reaction, amphoteric in both cases. 



The ratio of potassium oxid to sodium in the ash colostrum milk immedi- 

 ately after calving was 1.9 : 1, of milk 24 hours after calving 21 : 1. The calcium 

 oxid, phosphoric acid, and sulphuric acid content were quite variable. The 

 chlorin content is about the same as for normal milk. 



Cow's milk for infants in Saxony, E. W. Thompson (Cream, and Milk 

 Plant Mo., 2 (1914), No. 11, pp. 25-27). — This is an account of the production 

 in Saxony of what is known as " Kindermilch." The text of the ordinance of 



