VETERINARY MEDICINE. 581 



were negative, but he is not inclined to believe that it can be classified with the 

 human type of organism. The gallinaceous type is not present in the culture. 



Some tests with artificially mixed human and bovine type cultures wei-e then 

 made for the purpose of determining to what degree such cultures, which have 

 been artificially cultivated for a long time, may be separated. Nine out of ten 

 cultures prepared from the two types could be isolated and identified. Even 

 though one of the types was present in a dilution of 1 : 50 with the other type, 

 it could be detected. In the tenth mixture of types only the human kind could 

 be isolated. The test showed in an indirect way the constancy of the various 

 types. 



In reg'ard to the etiology and serodiag'nosis of human, bovine, and avian 

 tuberculosis, G. Roncaglio (liapporti Eziologici e Sierodiagnostici fra Tuher- 

 colosi Umana, Bovina, Aviaria. Parma, Italy, 1912, pp. 199; alts, in Ztschr. 

 Immunifatsf. u. Expt. Ther., 11, Rcf., 6 {1913), No. U, p. 995).— In this work 

 the etiological, clinical, and serodiagnostic relations which exist between human, 

 bovine, and avian tuberculosis were studied. The first part of the work is 

 mainly historical in nature and gives a good perspective of the present status 

 of this problem. The biological methods used were the complement fixation 

 test, meiostagmln reaction, and passive anaphylaxis. The tests made were too 

 few and did not allow a definite conclusion as to the types of bacilli present. 

 The meiostagmin reaction, however, gave the best results. 



The occurrence of avian tuberculosis in man, E. Lowenstein (Wiener 

 Klin. Wchnschr.,26 (1913), No. 20, pp. 785-7S7).— The author states that avian 

 tuberculosis occurs more frequently in man than is usually supposed, and may 

 be due to eating eggs from tuberculous hens. The cases can be definitely classi- 

 fied from the bacteriological and clinical findings, but a much simpler method 

 is to employ the avian tuberculin test. Artificially infected eggs when soft- 

 boiled showed living organisms. In all cases where acid-fast bacilli are found 

 which are not pathogenic for guinea pigs, tests must be made with rabbits and 

 hens. 



Studies in avian tuberculosis, L. R. Himmelbeeger {Cenfbl. Bakt. [etc.'], 1. 

 AM., Orig., 13 {1914), No- 1, pp. 1-11, pis. 2).— In this contribution from the 

 Michigan Experiment Station, after reviewing some of the literature relative 

 to avian tuberculosis, the results of cultural, transmission, and agglutination 

 tests are reported. 



It was found possible to cultivate the avian tubercle bacillus on sterile 

 bananas and glycerinated slants of carrots, turnips, and garden beets. The 

 results suggest that the media tried may eventually be used as a means of 

 differentiation. 



Transmission experiments were made with tuberculous chickens and white 

 rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and calves. The attempts to infect rats by cohabita- 

 tion with tuberculous hens and two guinea pigs, one rabbit, and two rats, by 

 injecting a broth culture of the avian tubercle bacillus subcutaueously, resulted 

 negatively. One rabbit, however, showed an abscess at the site of injection 

 which was found to contain the tubercle bacillus. Three other rabbits, which 

 received an intravenous injection of a suspension of macerated tubercular mate- 

 rial from a diseased hen and were killed two months later, showed no evidences 

 of infection. 



The results with twin calves one week old from a nontubercular herd, which 

 were fed with milk and the macerated organs of a tubex'cular hen as previously 

 noted by Giltner (E. S. R., 28, p. 476), showed in one case a reaction with 

 avian tuberculin but none with mammalian tuberculin as applied some months 

 later. About five months afterward it again reacted to avian tuberculin, and 



