EUBAL ENGINEERING. 



589 



Drainage, Lessmann (Illm. Landw. Ztg., 34 (1914), ^^o. 30, pp. 289, 290, 

 figs. 7). — This is a discussion of land drainage from the German viewpoint, 

 giving information as to depth and distance between drains in different soils. 



Moor drainage, A. von Vegesack (Mitt. Bait. Moorver., 3 (1913), No. 1-2, 

 pp. 63-84, fiffs. 2). — The author discusses the economic importance of swamp- 

 land drainage, methods, and related subjects, and reports drainage experiments 

 conducted in 1911 and 1912 on an undecomposed lowland swamp soil of uniform 

 chemical composition and varying in depth from 4 to 6 meters (13.1 to 19.7 ft.). 

 Sixteen drainage combinations were tested, the depths being 90 and 130 to 135 

 cm., the distance between drains 15, 20, 30, and 40 meters, and the types of 

 drain being clay tile and poles. Only the ground water level movements midway 

 between drains during the different seasons are so far reported. 



The following tables show the depths of ground water level as established 

 by the different drainage combinations : 



Position of water table with 90 cm. drainage depth. 



Position of water table with 130 to 135 cm. drainage depth. 



The ground water level reached a position of equilibrium more quickly and 

 fluctuated less with the shallower than with the deeper drainage, and with 

 deeper drainage it rose higher in wet periods and sanli lower in dry period.s. 

 With deeper drainage the tile drains had a more intensive effect than the pole 

 drains, and only in case of sudden heaA-y rainfall did the water level rise higher 

 with the tile than with the pole drains. The tile were on the whole the more 

 effective at both drainage depths, and at all distances between drains except 

 with the shallow drains 15 meters apart. 



Blasting experiments with agricultural dynamite, H. von Feilitzen 

 (Svenska Mosskulturfor. Tidskr., 27 (1913), No. 3, pp. 262-281, figs. 10; 2S 

 (1914), No. 1, pp. 29-34, figs. 3; abs. in Milt. Bait. Moorver., 3 (1913), No. 4, 

 pp. 205-201). — Experiments in subsoiling, soil drainage, and stump removal by 

 blasting are reported. 



Blasts in a sandy soil overlying a hardpan with the holes spaced 15 ft. apart 

 and bored through the hardpan pulverized the soil within a radius of 1 to 2 



