BURAl. BOONOMICS. 69S 



passage of the Small Holdings Act for England and Wales, applications for 

 small holdings have been made to the county councils by 43,245 individual^ 

 and 89 associations, and the total quantity applied for amounts to 723,497 acres. 

 Of the individual applicants, 25,567 hare been provisionally approved as suit- 

 able and 17,005 of them have obtained holdings. Only 24 per cent of the appli- 

 cants in 1913 were agricultural laborers. Only a very small percentage of the 

 applicants have expressed a desire to purchase holdings. 



The interest of the individual in the operations of large farms, G. Schtjlze 

 (Landic. Jahrh., ^6 (1914), No. 1, pp. ^1-88). — The author discusses various 

 means that can be employed to arouse an interest among the workers on larg« 

 agricultural establishments similar to that of ownership. Among the means 

 mentioned are premiums or supplementary wages, sharing in the profits, and 

 the working up of rivalry by assigning a portion of the farm to an individual 

 or a group of individuals. In the care of animals he found a natural pride 

 that is easily stimulated by the use of any of the above means. A brief bib- 

 liography is included. 



Increasing the efficiency of workers, Aeeehoe (Deut. Landtc. Presse, 41 

 (1914), No. 46, pp. 563, 564).— The author calls attention to the fact that the 

 labor supply is one of the most serious of the agricultural problems. He sug- 

 gests that by the use of the Taylor system the methods of performing farm 

 operations might be improved and the effectiveness of the worker increased. 



[Condition of country women], G. Soanni {Bol. Quind. Soc. Agr. Ital., 19 

 {1914), No. 9, pp. 318-227). — This article contains abstracts from answers to a 

 questionnaire sent out by the Italian Agricultural Society to ascertain the typ«s 

 of work performed by women on farms and the extent of their migration. 



Yearbook of international cooperation, H. Mijllkb (Ann. Mouv. Coop. Inter- 

 nat., 2 (1912), pp. VI+299, pi. 1). — This is a French edition of this yearbook, 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 30, p. 693). 



Proceedings of the third provincial cooperative conference held at Mysore 

 (JProc. Prov. Coop. Conf. Mysore, 3 (1913), pp. 100). — Among the various papers 

 presented at this conference were the following : Cooperation and State Aid 

 by N. M. Rau; Cooperation in its Relation to Agriculture by Dr. Coleman; 

 Cooperative Movement and the Development of Agriculture by K. S. Rau ; Co- 

 operative Credit — Why it Has Taken Root in India in Preference to Other 

 Forms of Cooperation by A. V. Ramauathan ; Cooperative Banking Fnions by 

 H. Ramachandriah : and Mutual Cattle Insurance Societies in Burma. 



The private control and the intervention of the State in matters relating- 

 to cooperation, B. Michex (Egypte Contcmporaine, No. 19 (1914), PP- 377- 

 412). — This article gives a brief history and description of the development of 

 cooperative organizations and the function of the State in regard to their con- 

 trol in Germany, England. France. Italy, Roumania, Algeria, and British India. 



Report on rural credits and cooperation, J. Cunningham and W. M. Brown 

 (Columbus, Ohio, 1914, pp. 85). — The authors describe the development of 

 rural credit and cooperation in European countries and its present status in 

 Ohio. 



They found that the agricultural credit conditions in Ohio were not satisfac- 

 tory, in that a high rate of interest is charged, and the amortization plan of 

 repayment is not employed. A number of cooperative associations were found 

 but their number could be extended to the advantage of the farmer. They 

 recommend that a bureau of markets be established and outline as some of the 

 functions to be performed by it the promotion of efficiency and economy in 

 production and distribution ; furnishing information on cooperation, accounting 

 and business methods, and legal rights and duties of cooperative agencies; 

 drafting model by-laws for cooperative societies; establishing city markets for 



