594 BXPEEIMENT STATION RECORB. 



fnrm produce; and investigating tlie practice of commission merchants. As 

 appendixes to their report they give the constitution and by-laws of different 

 types of cooperative organizations. 



[Laws of Indiana relating to rural loan and savings and building and 

 loan associations] (Indianapolis: State, 19 H, pp. 12+29). — There have been 

 brought together in this pamphlet the laws regarding the building and loan 

 associations and those relating to rural loans and savings associations. 



Cattle loan banks, J. F. Ebersole (Jour. Polit. Econ., 22 (1914), ^o. 6, pp. 

 577-580). — The cattle loan company is a middleman between the borrowing 

 cattle owners and the lending banlj manager. It deals principally with large 

 cattle growers. When a loan is desired the company sends an examiner who 

 passes upon the plant, the cattle, and the business capacity of the cattle grower. 

 If the request is acted upon favorably a promissory note and a chattel mort- 

 gage are talien. The notes are indorsed by the company and sold and become 

 equivalent to a "debenture" issued by a pledge of specified assets held by the 

 company for the protection of the note holders. The rate charged the borrower 

 on this type of paper ranges from 7 to 10 per cent, of which the purchaser 

 receives 5 to 6 per cent on his money and the remainder goes to the loan com- 

 panies. 



The cooperative insurance of pigs (Bd. Agr. and Fisheries [London], Coop. 

 Ins. Pigs, 19U, pp. 9+16+8+13) .—This report states that in 190S-9 less than 

 2 per cent of the pigs in Great Britain were insured. The experience of 

 societies in insuring pigs shows that the average net income from insurance 

 contributions is less than 2s. per pig per annum. The report also includes 

 model rules for registered and unregistered rural cooperative pig insurance 

 societies and gives an explanation of the rules. 



Cooperation among farmers, especially in marketing, A. W. Sanboen (Wis. 

 Bd. Agr. Bui. 2 (1913), pp. 16). — The author contends that since the farmer 

 has but a small amount of any one product to marliet, he can not sell it to 

 the best advantage by operating alone. After noting the influence of coopera- 

 tion in European countries, he calls attention to some of the essentials for 

 success. Among those mentioned are an agreement whereby the members 

 promise to furnish the cooperative societies their entire products for a stated 

 period; a capable manager; a good system of accounting; proper arrangements 

 for grading the produce; and the adoption of the principle of one member one 

 vote. Some of the benefits to be derived from cooperation are its educational 

 influence, increased efliciency in production, better market for agricultural 

 products, and a greater share in the profits of distribution. 



Consumer's view of producers' organizations. Ruby G. Smith (Farm Poul- 

 try, 25 (1914), ^0. 6. p. 111. fig. 1). — The author believes that organized pro- 

 ducers cooperating with organized consumers will establish more economical 

 methods for transporting, storing, selling, and delivering farm produce. The 

 consumer will welcome standardized goods at lower prices, honestly weighed 

 and measured. 



Theoretic basis of the statistics of international statistics of agriculture, 

 U. Ricci (Les Bases Thdoriques de la Statistique Agricole Internationale. 

 Rome: Inst. Intemat. Agr., 1914, PP- XI I +314, figs. 8). — ^The International 

 Institute of Agriculture is attempting to devise a method whereby the area 

 and production statistics as gathered by the various nations may be so modified 

 or reported as to obtain uniformity and accuracy in maliing summary state- 

 ments. The author outlines the classification of land according to its agricul- 

 tural uses and the methods of reporting conditions and yields of agricultural 

 crops. He decides that the system whereby the facts are expressed as a varia- 



