DISEASES OP PLANTS. 645 



largely of the removal of the infective sources which carry the disease over 

 winter. 



A contribution to our knowledge of apple scab, H. E. Morris (Montana 

 Sta. Bill. D6 (1914), pp. 65-102, pi. 1, figs. S). — The author gives an account of 

 the apple scab, due to Ventunia incequaUs, in Montana, tracing the history of 

 its appearance and giving data regarding the amount of injury done, periods of 

 infection, etc. The question of the identity of V. dnwqualis on the apple and 

 V. piiina on the pear is discussed, and the author is inclined to believe that the 

 species are not identical. 



Notes are given on methods of control, in which the author recommends the 

 planting of resistant varieties and thorough spraying. Lists are given of dif- 

 ferent varieties of apples commonly planted in Montana, arranged according 

 to their resistance. 



A bibliography of 505 references is given. 



A destructive strawberry disease, F. L. Stevens (Science, n. scr., SO {1914), 

 No. 1017, pp. 949, 950). — Attention is called to the fact that long-distance straw- 

 berry shipments during the past season have suffered serious injury due to 

 molds or " leaks," the loss in some cases being very large. 



The berries subject to this trouble came largely from Louisiana and Missis- 

 sippi. The author, early in May, examined in Louisiana berries which had 

 been in the refrigerators over night, and found in many instances that boxes 

 showed fruit with small rotten spots. Visits to the field showed many berries 

 rotting on the vines. Examination of the material showed the presence of a 

 Botrytis, probably B. cinerea. In the later stages other fungi were present, 

 notably Rhizopus nigricans. Examination made of a large number of berries 

 showed almost uniformly the presence of Botrytis, and its pre<lominance led 

 the author to believe that it is the primary cause of the trouble. The Botrytis 

 is thought to initiate the decay, which is completed by other saprophytes, among 

 them Rhizopus. Both fungi have been separated in pure cultures and are to 

 be subjected to further study. 



The presence of endocellular fibers in tissues of grapevines and in those 

 of other dicotyledons, Eva Mameli {Atti R. 1st. Bot. Univ. Pavia, 2. ser., 16 

 {1914), PP- 47-65, pi. 1). — This is a fuller account of studies previously noted 

 from another source (E. S, R., 29, p. 5.51). 



Report of the plant pathologist, G. L. Fawcett {Porto Rico Sta. Rpt. 1913, 

 pp. 26-29). — A progress report is given of the work carried on by the author in 

 his study of the diseases of cacao, citrus trees, and coffee. 



The cacao disease reported upon at length is that known as black pod in 

 Porto Rico, but which is said to be distinct from the disease generally known 

 by that name. It is confined to young fruits, and the loss apparently is very 

 great, as on many trees not more than 5 per cent of the fruits reach maturity. 

 In order to find what relation there might be between fungi and bacteria and 

 the failure of pods to mature, the author made cultures from the interior tis- 

 sues of a large number of fruits, and occasionally found some fungi, among 

 them a fungus which agrees fairly well with the description of CoUctotrichum 

 cradwickii. Inoculation experiments were conducted with the different fungi, 

 but with the exception of the Colletotrichum, which proved weakly parasitic, 

 the author concludes that the work would indicate that the trouble is not due 

 to parasitic fungi. Spraying experiments with Bordeaux mixture were carried 

 on for two seasons, but without any very definite beneficial results. The effect 

 of fertilizers on the tree is also being considered in connection with this disease. 

 Thus far the fungus Phytophthora faberi has not been found in Porto Rico. 



The study of citrus diseases has been largely confined to the lemon scab. 

 The fungus producing this disease has been found to attack grapefruit while 



