ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 649 



The imported cabbage worm and the cabbage aphis, J. R. Pabkee (Mon- 

 tana Sta. Cite. 28 (1913), pp. 9-24, fiys. 12). — This circular consists of a general 

 account of these pests and means for their control. 



African cotton pests, F. Zacher {AVb. K. Biol. Anst. Land. n. Forstw., 9 

 {1913), No. 1, pp. 121-230, figs. S3; abs. in Rev. Appl. Eni., 2 (1914), Ser. A, 

 No. 1, pp. 1, 2). — The insect enemies of cotton in Africa and remedial measures 

 are described at considerable length. 



Insect enemies of lettuce, P. Noel (Bui. Lai). Regional Eni. Agr. \_Rouen'], 

 ^0. 4 (1913), pp. 4-6). — The author lists 50 enemies of lettuce. 



Animal enemies of the sugar beet in 1913, A. Stift (Bl. Zuckerriibenbau, 

 21 (1914), Nos. 4, pp. 60-64; 5, pp. 12-13). — This is a summarized account with 

 references to the literature of the year. 



Tree crickets injurious to orchard and garden fruits, P. J. Parrott and 

 B. B. Fulton {New York State Sta. Bui. 388 (1914), pp. 417-641, pis. 10, figs. 

 9). — This is a detailed report of studies, data relating to which have been 

 previously notetl (E. S. R., 29, p. 354). 



It is stated that the more common and injurious species of tree crickets in 

 plantings of garden and tree fruits in New York are the snowy tree cricket 

 (CEcanthus nivcus), the narrow-winged tree cricket (0. anyustipennis), and the 

 striped tree cricket (0. nigricornis). While these species display great simi- 

 larity hi extei'ual appearance, they show marked differences in habits and eco- 

 nomic status. During their early nymphal existence they possess pronounced 

 predaceous habits, but as they approach maturity they exhibit phytophagous 

 and mycophagous tendencies, subsisting on floral organs, foliage, fruit, and 

 minute fungi. The eggs are deposited during the latter jiart of August and 

 throughout September and hatch during early June; 5 nymphal instars are 

 passed and the adults make their appearance in August. 



The snowy tree cricket oviposits in a great variety of plants, most abundantly 

 in the apple, plum, and cherry, and somewhat commonly in raspberry and 

 walnut. The eggs are deposited singly in soft, fleshy bark. On the raspberry 

 oviposition takes place in the fleshy area at the side of the bud in the axils of 

 the leaves, and usually there is not more than one egg on each side of a bud. 

 Microscopical examinations of the crop contents have shown that the San Jose 

 scale may, under certain conditions, form a large part of the diet of this cricket. 

 It has also been observed to eat holes in raspberry and apple leaves and is 

 reputed to attack ripening fruits. It derives its reputation as an orchard pest 

 chiefly from the occurrence of diseased areas about wounds in the bark of 

 apple trees. The areas of infection in their external appearance and effects 

 resemble superficially certain stages of the common apple cankers. Cultui-al 

 and microscopical studies indicate that in 1913 a fungus (Lept o splicer ia eonio- 

 thyrium) was in a majority of cases the infecting organism. 



The narrow-winged tree cricket has feeding habits similar to the snowy tree 

 cricket. It is said to be common in apple orchards and has been observed in 

 considerable numbers on alders and scrub and bur oaks. As with 0. niveus 

 various disorders of bark may attend oviposition in apple trees. 



The striped tree cricket, unlike the other two, prefers plants which have a 

 central pith surrounded by a woody outer layer in which to oviposit. Oviposi- 

 tion occurs in many plants, but the eggs are deposited most abundantly in the 

 raspberry and blackberry, Erigeron canadensis, and the larger species of 

 Solidago. The eggs are placed in a series, forming a single row in the current 

 year's growth, and with raspberries have ranged in number from 2 to 80 or 

 more eggs in a row. It feeds on anthers and petals of flowers, raspberry 

 leaves, and fruit. Leaf tissues, fungus mycelium, and spores constituted a 

 large part of the crop contents of a number of specimens that were examined. 



