ANIMAL I'HOIJICTIOX, 665 



range supplemeuted witli cotton seed. The average amount of meal aud IiuUh 

 consumed per day per steer during the three winters was 2.38 lbs. cotton-seed 

 meal and 8.7 lbs. of hulls, which amount proved to be enough to make 700-lb. 

 steers hold their fall weight throughout the winter. 



It is estimated that the cost price of wintering steers when no charge is 

 made for winter range was for the range steers 45 cts. per hundredweight, 69 

 cts. for cattle fed hulls and meal, 53 cts. for those receiving either cowpea 

 hay or damaged hay, and 64 cts. for steers given cotton seed to supplement the 

 range. 



Part 2 deals with fattening steers on pasture. Native 2- to 4-year-old steers, 

 weighing approximately 560 lbs., of mixed breeds, but the majority carrying 

 some beef blood, were used. During 1910 the feeding period was from April 

 7 to August 3, and included the three lots : Pasture alone, pasture and cotton- 

 seetl cake, pasture, cotton-seed cake, and alfalfa hay; and during 1910 from 

 April 21 to September 8, comprising two lots : Pasture alone, and pasture and 

 cotton-seed cake. The pasture consisted of a mixture of sweet clover, Japan 

 clover, Johnson, crab, and Bermuda grasses. During 1910 the steers received 

 on an average 3.48 lbs. cotton-seed cake per head per day. and during 1911, 3.58 

 lbs. The average daily gain during 1910 was for lot 1. 1.G4 lbs., lot 2, 1.98 

 lbs., and lot 3, 1.86 lbs. During 1911 lot 1 gained 1.75 lbs. and lot 2, 1.7 lbs. 

 The estimated cost per pound of gain, including cost of pasture, during 1910 

 was 1.1, 3.19, and 4.37 cts., resi)ectively, and during 1911. 1.02 aud 4.03 cts., 

 respec-tively ; the average profit per steer in 1910, .$6.84, $8.91, and $4.18. and 

 during 1911, $5.28 and $6.29. respectively. The average dressing percentage of 

 steers of lot 1 for 1910 was 51.3, lot 2, 54.2, and lot 3, 67.3; in 1911, lot 1, 51.1 

 and lot 2, 51.4. Hay-fed steers suffered a heavy shrinkage in weight in transit. 

 During both years cotton-seed cake-fed steers sold for approximately one cent 

 more per pound than pasture-fetl steers. The final results agree with those of 

 former experiments, and indicate that it does not pay to nse alfalfa hay alone 

 with pasture and cotton-seed cake, but that it does pay to feed cotton-seed cake 

 along with the pasture. 



Part 3 deals with the influence of winter feeding upon gains made the follow- 

 ing summer and comprises three years' work, 1908-1910. Native tick-infested 

 2- to 4-year-old steers, averaging in weight 700 lbs., and purchased in the fall, 

 were wintered as follows: Lot 1. range alone: lot 2, range, cotton-seed meal, 

 and hulls; lot 3, range aud cowpea hay; lot 4. range and damaged hay; lot 5, 

 range and cotton seed. Lot 1 comprised 72 steers summer fed by groups 

 on pasture and the following supplements: None, cotton-seed cake (medium 

 ration), cold-pressed cake, cotton seed (heavy ration), and cotton-seed cake 

 and alfalfa hay. The a^•e^age daily losses per steer for the winter ranged 

 between 1.19 and 0.94 lbs., and the gains for the summer between 1.79 and 

 2.31 lbs., making the winter and summer gains combined between 0.49 and 

 0.93 lb. for the several groups, with an average of 0.74. lb. Lot 2. of 68 

 head, comprised summer-fed groups similar to lot 1. The average daily 

 gain per steer for the winter ranged between — 6.16 and 0.63 lb. ; for the sum- 

 mer between 1.53 and 1.92 lbs. ; and for the combined winter and summer 

 gains between 0.83 and 1.26 lbs. for the several groups, with an average gain 

 of 1.06 lbs. Lot 3, of 24 head, comprised three summer-fed groups, as follows: 

 Pasture alone, pasture and cotton-seed cake, and pasture and cold-pressed cake. 

 The average daily gain per steer for the winter ranged between —0.25 and 

 0.07 lb. ; for the summer between 1.52 aud 2.22 lbs. ; and the combined winter 

 and summer gains between 0.76 and 1.22 lbs for the several groups, with an 

 average of 1.01 lbs. Lot 4. of 43 head, comprised four groups summer fed on 

 pasture and the following supplements: None, cotton-seed cake, cotton seed, 



