666 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



and cotton-seed cake (heavy ration). The average daily losses per steer for 

 the winter ranged betvs^een 0.7 and 0.53 lb.; for the summer the gains were 

 between 1.59 and 2.22 lbs. ; and for the combined winter and summer the gains 

 between 0.70 and 1.15 lbs. for the several groups, with an average of 0.77 lb. 

 Lot 5, of 25 head, comprised summer-fed groups as in lot 4 and ranged in 

 losses during the winter between 0.48 and 0.26 lb. ; for the summer there were 

 gains between 1.76 and 2 lbs. ; and for the combined winter and summer gains 

 between 0.89 and 1.07 lbs., with an average of 1 lb. The average daily gains 

 of steers summered on pasture alone was 1.64 lbs. per head : of steers summered 

 on pasture and cotton-seed cake (medium rations). 2.02; of steers on pasture 

 and cold-pressed cake, 1.85; of steers on pasture and cotton seed, 2.05; of steers 

 on pasture and cotton-seed cake (heavy rations), 1.87; and of steers on pasture, 

 cotton-seed cake, and alfalfa hay, 2.11 lbs. per head. 



A graphic presentation of the results of the three years' feeding shows that 

 " the longer the summer-feeding period the nearer the total gains in weight ap- 

 proach the mean of all lots; in other words, the longer the summer period the 

 nearer the steers, which made heavy winter losses, overcome these losses and ap- 

 proached the weight of the winter-fed steers. If the feeding periods [112 and 

 154 days] had been 60 days longer, and all steers had continued to increase in 

 weight at the rate they had established during the actual summer-feeding 

 period, the total gains at this time would have been practically the same for 

 all lots, irrespective of the method of wintering." 



The results of these feeding trials are summarizetl, in part, as follows: 



" Cattle which became very thin during the winter made larger daily gains 

 the following summer on pasture than steers which were in better flesh at the 

 beginning of the pasture season. Usually the greater the winter loss experi- 

 enced, the greater was the gain the following summer, and vice versa. 



" Steers which are to be finished for the early summer markets should enter 

 the pastures in good flesh in the spring. Such cattle sell for a premium which 

 justifies the expense of giving them feed in addition to the range during the 

 winter months find a heavy ration of cotton-seed cake while on pasture during 

 the summer. . . . 



" When cotton seed is worth but $14 per ton it can be used with greater 

 economy than cotton-seed meal and hulls for wintering steers which are to be 

 finished on pasture the following summer." 



Cattle raising in South America {Daily C&ns. and Trade Rpts. [U. S.], 17 

 (1914), No. JOG, pp. 693-S99). — In these reports attention is directed to the 

 opportunities for futiire development of tlie tattle industry in Chile, Colombia, 

 and Argentina. 



Care and manag'ement of sheep on the farm, R. F. Millee {Montana 8ta. 

 C'irc. 31 {1913), pp. 89-112). — This circular gives general information on the 

 feeding, care, and management of sheep and lambs and includes a discussion of 

 shearing, packing, and storing wool and the treatment of sheep for parasites 

 and disease. 



A review of American investigations on fattening lambs with special 

 reference to the protein and energy requirements, S. Bull and A. D. Emmett 

 {lUinois Sta. Bui. 106 {191.'t), p. //8, fiyi^. ) ; abstract, pp. 3, .'/).— "From the 

 results obtained in this review, which embrace 265 lots containing in all 5,127 

 lambs, the following average values for protein and energy are suggested as 

 being, in general, the most economical for fattening lambs: (a) Lambs weighing 

 50 to 75 lbs., 3.1 to 3.3 lbs. of digestible protein and 17 to 19 therms of net 

 energy, (b) Lambs weighing 70 to 90 lbs., 2.5 to 2.8 lbs. of digestible protein 

 and 18 to 20 therms of net energy. In certain instances 1.8 to 2 lbs. of digestible 

 protein and 18 to 20 therms of net energy are sufficient, (c) Lambs weighing 



