AGBICULTURAL EDUCATION. 691 



1901 were 10.24 and 27.90 per ceut. For the 10 years euded 1911 there were 

 increases of 1.11 and 0.23 per ceut, resijectively. During the last 10 years this 

 increase has talien place principally in England, while there has been a decrease 

 in Scotland and Ireland. The English increase Is due to the multiplication of 

 small holders, while the Scottish decrease is due in part to a more precise dis- 

 tinction between farmers and crofters in 1911. In Ireland the decrease is due 

 to the con.solidation of farms. 



Bural population in Eng-land and Wales: a study of the changes of 

 density, occupations, and ages, A. L. Bowley {Jour. Roy. Statis. Soc, 77 

 il91-'f), No. 6, pp. 597-652, figs. 2). — Among the conclusions reached by the 

 author are that the population in purely rural areas is not completely dominated 

 by the number in agricultural occupations. The number of farmers has changed 

 very little in 50 years, but the number in the horticultural and market garden- 

 ing occupations has increasetl slightly. A large number have throughout the 

 last 50 years started their working life in agriculture and subsequently moved 

 to other occupations in the country, in the towns, or abroad. At present 17 

 years seems to be the critical age. There is no evident connection between the 

 numbers of agricultural laborers or the changes in their numbers, on the one 

 hand, and the changes of wages, heights of wages, density of population, or 

 the movement of other parts of the rural population on the other hand. 



Agricultural population of Sweden, L. Widell {Statis. Arshok Sverige, 

 1914, P- IS). — A classification of the population of Sweden according to the 

 professions in which they are engaged, and including those who are dependent 

 upon them for supjwrt, indicates that in 1870 71.87 per cent were engaged in 

 agriculture, in 1880 67.42 per cent, in 1890 60.92 i)er ceut, and in 1900 53.67 per 

 cent. The total population has increased during this period from 4,168.525 to 

 5,136,441. 



Agricultural statistics of Sweden, L. Widell {Statis. Arsbok Sverige, 1914, 

 pp. 50-62). — This annual report gives statistics showing for 1911, by depart- 

 ments, the area devoted to different agricultural purposes, area and yields of 

 the principal farm crops, and the number of farm animals, with data for 

 earlier years. Additional data are given concerning the dairy industry and 

 forests. 



The agriculture in the Netherlands {Pubs. Roy. Netherland Agr. Soc, No. 

 10 {1914), PP- i40, pi- 1, figs. 20). — This pamphlet, written in English, contains 

 the following papers: Some Particulars about Dutch Agriculture, by F. B. 

 Lohnis ; Cattle Breeding in the Netherlands, by C. Broekema ; Dairy Produce 

 in the Netherlands, by V. R. Y. Croesen; Reclamation of the Heaths in the 

 Netherlands, by J. P. van Lonkhuyzen ; State Efforts on Behalf of Agriculture 

 in the Netherlands ; and The Activity of Farmers' and Market Gardeners' Asso- 

 ciations iu the Netherlands, by V. R. Y. Croesen and R. P. Bonthuis. 



AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 



Agricultural instruction and its methods, P. De Vuyst {L'Enseignement 

 Agricole et ses Methodes. Brussels, 1913, 2. ed., pp. XII+354). — This is the 

 second edition of this book, which has been previously noted (E. S. R., 21, 

 p. 190). 



Status of agricultural instruction {Rap. Trien. Min. Agr. et Trav. Pub. 

 [Belgium}, 1909-1911, pp. XZF/-f 330).— This report for the years 1909-1911, 

 inclusive, submitted by the minister of agriculture and public works to the 

 legislative chambers of Belgium, on the collegiate, secondai-y, elementary, and 

 extension instruction in agriculture, horticulture, and home economics, gives 

 detailed information concerning the faculty, curriculum, attendance, examina- 

 tions, etc., of the individual institutions. 



