SOILS — FERTILIZERS. 725 



Ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate in 1913 (Jour. Indus, and Engin. 

 Chem., 6 (1914), No. 8, p. 693). — Statistics of production are briefly summarized. 



It Is stated tliat tlie world's production of ammonium sulphate in 1913 was 

 1,365,700 tons, of which Germany produced 549,000 tons, the United Kingdom 

 420,000 tons, the United States 177,000 tons, and France 75,400. The production 

 of Chilean nitrate was 2,450,000 tons in 1913 as against 2,552,770 tons in 1912. 



Recent increase in production of lime nitrogen, C. Kubiebschky (Jour. 

 Indus, and Engin. Chem., 6 (1914), ^o. 8, p. 692).— Statistics of production since 

 the beginning of the industry are briefly reported. 



The estimated production of cyanamid in 1914 is 208.000 tons. It is stated 

 that the average annual increase in the production of cyanamid from 1907 to 

 1912 was 212 per cent, of Norwegian nitrate from 1903 to 1911, 170 per cent, 

 while the increase of Chilean nitrate from 1901 to 1911 was only 6.8 and of 

 ammonium sulphate in the same period 10.5 per cent. 



Lime nitrog'en and its use, B. Schulze (Deiit. Landic. Presne, 41 (1914), 

 No. 62, p. 761). — In comparative tests of sodium nitrate and of oiled, granulated, 

 and untreated lime nitrogen on white mustard grown in pots it was found that 

 the oiled lime nitrogen was practically as efficient as the untreated, being from 

 85 to 91 per cent as efficient as sodium nitrate. The granulated lime nitrogen, 

 however, was much le.ss effective than the oiled or untreated material, being 

 only 66 per cent as efficient as sodium nitrate. 



The author urges the use of high-grade lime nitrogen as it is more likely to 

 be free from dicyaudiamid and to be more efficient than low-grade material. 



Solubility of nitrogen compounds of lime nitrogen in water, C. Manuelli 

 (Ann. Chiin. Appl. [Rome], 1 (1914), pp. 412> 413; abs. in Jour. Soe. Chem. 

 Indus., 33 (1914), A'o. 13, p. 690).— It was found, as reported in this article, 

 that about SO i>er cent of the nitrogen of lime nitrogen was dissolved in water 

 at 13 to 14° C. in one hour and 88 per cent in six hours. Beyond that point 

 solution began to diminish. 



Transformation of calcium cyanamid into ammonia, C. Manuelli (Ann. 

 Chini. Appl. [Rome], 1 (1914), pp- 388-396; ahs. in Jour. Soc. Chem. Indus., 33 

 (1914), No. 13, pp. 690, 69i).— When about 100 gm. of crude calcium cyanamid 

 was heated in water in an autoclave for 6 to S hours at from 170 to 180° C. 90 

 per cent of the theoretical amount of the nitrogen was obtained, and this pro- 

 portion could be increased by using one-tenth of the amount of cyanamid or 

 repeating the treatment. 



Commercial possibilities of the process are discussed. 



The origin, mining, and preparation of phosphate rock, B. H. Sellards 

 (Bui. Amer. Inst. Mining Engin., No. 93 (1914), pp. 2319-2395, figs. 3).— This 

 article deals with Florida and Tennessee phosphates. Substantially the same 

 information in part has already been noted from other sources (E. S. R.. 25, p. 

 121; 30, p. 222). 



The importance of the adoption of less wasteful methods of mining and 

 preparing phosphate for market and of devising processes by which lower 

 grades of phosphate may be used in the manufacture of superphosphate is es- 

 pecially emphasized. 



Tennessee phosphate practice, J. A. Babb (Bui. Amer. Inst. Mining Engin., 

 No. 93 (1914), PP- 2397-2413, figs. i2).— Methods of mining the brown and blue 

 phosphate rock and preparing it for the market, and manufacturing superphos- 

 phate, are described and discussed. 



Coral phosphate islands of the Pacific Ocean and their products, C. Elsch- 

 NEE (Corallogene Phosphat-Inaeln Austral-Oceaniens und Hire Produkte. LU- 

 beclc, Germany, 1913, pp. 120, pis. 31; ahs. in Bui. Amer. Geogr. Sac, 46 (1914), 

 No. 9, p. 691). — This monograph deals particularly with the geology and chem- 



