DISEASES OF PLANTS, 749 



brown Alternaria spots. Many of the Jonathan spots were surrounded by a 

 light brown area characteristic of Alternaria Infections. Laboratory studies 

 were made of these spots, and as high as 93 per cent of the large spots were 

 found infected with Alternaria, while from the small spots a much lower per- 

 centage of the fungus was present, in one case as low as 30 per cent. 



The authors believe that, having found two similar spots on the Jonathan, it 

 is probable that different investigatorsi may have been working with different 

 spots. At present they do not consider the data sufficient for establishing any 

 definite theory regarding the cause of this disease. 



Fire blig-ht, J. G. Hall (Washington Sta. Popular Bid. 65 U9U), post 

 card). — ^A brief description is given of the fire blight of apples and pears, to- 

 gether with suggestions for treatment. 



Brusone of pear, L. Gabotto (Agr. Mod. iMilan], 19 {1913), No. 23, p. 269, 

 fig. 1). — An illustrated description is given of injury done to the fruit, leaves, 

 and branches of pear by Fusicladhim pirinum, claimed to be the summer form of 

 Venturia pirina. 



Spraying with lime sulphur, A. Manabesi {Agr. Mod. [MUan], 19 {1913), 

 No. 23, pp. 271, 272). — Experiments carried out on the control of Exoascus 

 deformans and Venturia spp. during 1912 and 1913, employing several mixtures 

 described, are said to confirm the high value of lime sulphur use<l in this con- 

 nection. 



A study of the brown rot fungus in the vicinity of Champaign and Urbana, 

 Illinois, J. L. Conel {Phytopathologu, ^ {191.'t), No. 2, pp. 93-101).— On account 

 of the differences of opinion regaixling the specific identity of the fungus causing 

 brown rot, the author carried on a series of experiments with material taken 

 from plum mummies. The organism was isolated, cultivated in various medio, 

 and studied at length, after which inoculation experiments with plum, apple, 

 crab apple, and cherry trees were made, the trees being infected with the 

 organism. 



From his experiments he concludes that the Sclerotinia occurring in that 

 locality is S. elnerea. This fungus occurs predominantly on stone fruits, but as 

 the result of inoculation tests he found that under laboratory conditions It may 

 also Infect pome fruits. 



A brief bibliography is given. 



The North American gooseberry mildew and its control, G. Kock (Separate 

 from Obstziichter, Xo. 8 (1913), pp. 4> fidS. 3). — This is a brief account of the 

 appearance, morphological development, and effects of SpJuerofheca mors uvce 

 as noted in Europe, together with a discussion of means for its prevention and 

 control, including severe cutting back in autumn, also a heavy application of 

 lime sulphur at that time and in the spring just before development of the 

 foliage, and a liberal application of sulphur to any parts showing the disease 

 after the appearance of the foliage. 



A new disease of gooseberry twigs, G. Kock (Separate from Ohstzuchter, 

 No. 6 (1913), pp. 2, figs. 2). — The author found diseased gooseberry twigs sent 

 for examination to show abundant mycelium in the inner portions of the bark, 

 which were speedily killed, showing abundant fructifications of a fimgus which 

 proved to be Botrytis cincrea. 



Report of plant physiologist, B. F. Floyd (Florida Sta. Rpt. 1913, pp. 

 XXVII-XLIV, figs. 2).— This report consists principally of an account of 

 investigations on the use of Bordeaux mixture for the control of die-back of 

 orange trees and of the gumming of citrus trees produced by chemicals. 



In the experiments with Bordeaux mixture trees were spi'ayed with a 5 : 5 : 50 

 mixture twice during the spring of 1912. In January, 1913, an examination was 

 made of the grove and it appeared that Bordeaux mixture was effective for the 



