756 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



On May lo the caterpillars were observed to have left some of the nests lu 

 the leaves and to be constructing cocoons beneath loose bits of bark on the limbs 

 and trunk in which to pupate. The larval stage was found to cover an average 

 period of 10 months, the last crawling larva In the orchard having been found 

 on June 19. The first pupa was observed on May 18 and the last larva pupating 

 in rearing cages did so on June 16. The average time spent in the pupal stage 

 was about 15 days, varying, however, from 15 to 30 days. 



Hymenopterous parasites representing six families and seven genera were 

 reared from material collected in the larval and pupal stages and confined in 

 breeding cages. Experiments carried on and observations made throughout 

 the infested section at Benton Harbor show that this pest can be controlled by 

 thoroughly spraying the trees with lime-sulphur at 32° Baume, used at the rate 

 of 1 gal. to 8 gals, of water just before the buds swell or preferably when the 

 buds are swelling. 



A list of the more important literature cited is appended. 

 The insensitivity of the life forms of the potato moth to various poisons, 

 F. Stowabd (Reprint from Rpt. Austral. Assoc. Adv. Sci., U (1913), pp. 326- 

 829; ahs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 1 (1913), Ser. A, No. 10, p. 311') .—PhthorinKBO, 

 operculella, which defoliates the potato plant and infests the tubers, is one of 

 the most troublesome enemies of this crop in Australia. The most satisfactory 

 manner of dealing with this pest is said to have been through fumigation with 

 carbon bisulphid. In experimental work the larva, whether in the tuber or 

 exposed, succumbs after 15 or 16 hours' exposure to an atmosphere containing 

 carbon bisulphid in the proportion of 1 to 2 lbs. per 1,000 cu. ft. of air. Forty- 

 eight hours are required to destroy the pupa and a single application under 

 these conditions does not invariably suflice. In the majority of the experiments 

 the eggs succumb to a single fumigation of 48 hours' duration but a second 

 fumigation should follow from 6 to 8 days after the first. 



Investigation has shown that commercially sound unsi^routed tubers may be 

 subjected to an intermittent fumigation with carbon bisulphid at the strength 

 .'ibove mentioned, two, three, or even four times without producing serious 

 damage to the tuber buds if each fumigation is limited to a period of 4S hours' 

 duration. 



An outbreak of the Forleule (Panolis griseovariegata) in northern Bohemia 

 in 1913, W. Sedlaczek (Mitt. Forstl. Versuchsic. Osten:, No. 38 (1914), PP- 

 65-15). — P. griseovariegata was a source of considerable injury in 1913 to 

 forests in the vicinity of Weisswasser where from 1907 to 1910 the nun moth 

 had caused great damage. 



How war has been waged in Mexico against the mosquito, E. Liceaga 

 (Amer. Jour. Trop. Diseases and Prcv. Med., 2 (19U), No. 2, pp. 118-123).— \ 

 paper presented before the American Society of Tropical Medicine, held at 

 Boston in May. 1914. 



V7hat the farmer can do to prevent malaria, R. H. von Ezdorf {Put). Health 

 Rpts. [U. 8.], Sup. 11 (1914), pp. 6).— This paper calls attention to the impor- 

 tance of screening and use of mosquito bars, destruction of breeding places of 

 mosquitoes, use of quiuin as a prophylactic measure, etc. 



Breeding and colonizing the syrphid, P. L. Guppy (Dept. Agr. Trinidad and 

 Tohago Bui., 13 (1914), No. 82, pp. 211-226, pis. 2).— This paper presents 

 information which supplements that previously noted (E. S. R., SO, p. 457), and 

 reports the results of investigations which show how this predator can be bred 

 .and colonized. A pairing cage 6 by 6 by 6 ft. was used, also lamp chimneys 

 9 by 4 In. in which to place the females to lay after having paired. 



A review of the work on the poisoned bait spray, dry method, and mixed 

 treatment of controlling fruit flies (Trypetidse), H. H. P. Sevebin (Canad. 



