ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 767 



Compariiig the digestibility of feeds for ewes aud wethers it was found that on 

 the potato refuse ration the ewe utilized 4 per cent more organic matter than 

 the wether, while on the palm-nut cake ration the utilization of organic matter, 

 protein, and nitrogen-free extract was practically the same for both ewe and 

 wethei*. The digestibility of the potato refuse was 54.7 per cent for the ewe 

 aud 59.8 per cent for the wether ; for the palm-nut cake 58.7 and 56.3 per cent. 



Complete digestion trials were made with one bull and two sheep. It was 

 found that a 2- to 3-year-old bull required per day per l.CMX) kg. live weight, 

 21 kg. dry substance. 1.9 kg. digestible protein, and 10 kg. digestible nitrogen- 

 free extract, or the equi\alent of 45,000 usable calories of energy or 8.5 kg. 

 starch value ; a yearling wether 28.5 kg. dry substance, 2.9 kg. digestible protein, 

 and 14 kg. nitrogen-free extract, or the equivalent of 70,000 usable calories or 

 13.5 kg. starch value. On the potato refuse ration the value of the feed was 

 greater for the bull than for the sheep, 29 per cent less digestible protein and 

 26 per cent less starch value ))eing required. On the palm-nut ration the dif- 

 ferences were less marked; on the palm-nut molasses I'ation the value of the 

 feed was higher for sheep tha;i for cattle. Cattle showed a higher resorption 

 of protein fats and fiber. The physiological value of the control-mixed feed, 

 the potato refuse ration, and the palm-nut cake ration was higher for the sheep 

 than for cattle, and the potato refuse molasses higher for the cattle. 



The heated liquid refuse had a slightly higher nutritive value than the dried 

 refuse and cold water. The addition of lactic acid to the ration lowered the 

 nutritive value aud hastened the protein transformation. 



It is concluded that the actual starch value of feeds is a very variable quan- 

 tity, depeudiug upon the individuality of the animals. From these trials it is 

 estimated that the gains made by cattle from 100 kg. starch value of potato 

 refuse were 30.9 kg., of potato refuse aud molasses 21.7, palm-nut cake 31.2, aud 

 palm-nut cake and molasses 22.4 kg. ; aud for sheep on these feeds 16.7, 20.5, 

 10.0. and 25 kg., respectively. 



Proceedings of the American National Live Stock Association, IQl^ (Proc. 

 Amcr. Xut. Live Stock Assoc, 11 (191If), pp. 156, pis. 12). — This reports the 

 proceedings of the seventeenth annual convention of this association, held at 

 Denver, Colo., in Januai'y, 1914, and includes addresses on the future cattle 

 supply of the United States, effect of free trade in live stock and meats on 

 prices, railway rates and service, grazing on national forests, etc. 



The breeds of pure-bred live stock {Moyitana 8ta. Spec. Circ. [1] (1913), 

 pp. 9). — This includes a list of the breeds of pure bred live stock, their American 

 record association, and the secretaiT of the association. 



A list of breeders of pure-bred live stock in Montana {Montmia Sta. Spec. 

 Circ. 2 (1914), pp. 23). — This circular gives a list of breeders of pure bred live 

 stock of the several counties of Montana. 



On the growth, of pasture animals, K. G. Beuchholz (Deut. Landw. Tie}-- 

 zucht, 18 (1914), No. 16, pp. 185-181/ ). — This reports studies made of the in- 

 crease in breast measurement and increase in weight of calves on pasture. 



Dung making experiment. 1912—13, J. A. Voelckee (Jour. Roy. Agr. Hoc. 

 England, 14 (1913), pp. 410, //ii). — Four bullocks wei'e placed In special .stalls 

 and fed a mixed ration of bean meal and crushed oats, together with roots, oat 

 straw, aud chaff for a period of 130 days. During the time two of the bullocks 

 received in addition 1 ton of hay. 



It is estimated that the animals in stall 1, receiving no hay, produced 204.69 

 cu. ft. of manure, weighing 10,595 lbs., those of stall 2 receiving hay. 259.87 

 cu. ft, weighing 13,564 lbs. The moisture content of the former was 75.82 per 

 cent, of the latter 74.21 ; the nitrogen contents 0.489 and 0.615 per cent, respec- 



