768 EXPEEIMENT STATION REGUBD. 



tlvely. A distinctly better grade of manure was thus procured from the hay- 

 fed animals. 



Cattle and carabao in the Philippines, G. E. Anderson (Daily Cons, and 

 Trade Rpts. [U. 8,], 11 (1914), No. 125, p. 1166}.— It is stated that the shipment 

 of cattle to the Philippines from Hongkong and from Australia has been one of 

 the chief items of trade. However, the rate at which cattle and carabaos in 

 the Philippines are increasing indicates that the islands are soon to be at least 

 self supporting. 



Individual variation in musk oxen, J. A. Allen {9. Cong. Inteniat. Zool., 

 1913, pp. 210-215). — ^A discussion of the skeletal measurements and weights of 

 musk oxen. 



It is concluded that " the range of individual variation in cranial characters 

 in musk oxen, in both males and females, is greater during the i>eriod from n 

 to 8 years of age than later. It is much greater in males than in females. The 

 length of the tooth row is more variable than is the relative breadth of the 

 skull (at given points) to the basal length. The nasal bones, in respect to 

 length, breadth, and convexity, are among the most variable elements of the 

 skull, and the most untrustworthy for use in diagnosis. The lacrymal bones 

 are also subject to great variation in size and form, and especially in respect 

 to the depth of the lacrymal depression ('fossa' or 'pit'). 



"Naturally the highest ratio of variability is shown in the horns — in their 

 curvature, length, breadth at base, and general massiveness. The weight of 

 the .skull in animals of the same age and sex is subject to great variation, 

 amounting to 80 per cent of the mean weight in a comparable series of 26 male 

 skulls, and about 45 per cent in 22 skulls of females. The range of individual 

 variation often exceeds the average differentiation between well-marked sub- 

 species, or even the average differentiation between closely allied congeneric 

 species." 



Management and feeding of sheep, T. Shaw {New York and London, 1914, 

 pp. XXXIX+411, figs. 24). — This book treats of the feeding, care, and manage- 

 ment of sheep and the classification and characteristics of wool. 



Breeds of Scottish sheep. — I, Cheviots, W. Barber (Transi. llUihlanO. and Agr. 

 Soe. Scot., 5. ser., 26 (1914), pp. 102-146, pis. 4).— The origin and early develop- 

 ment of the Cheviot breed of sheep in England and Scotland, their present 

 status, and utility value are discussed. 



Breeds of Scottish sheep. — II, Half-bred sheep, K. MacMillan (Trana. 

 Highland and Agr. Soc. Scot., 5. ser., 26 (1914), PP- 146-150, figs. 3).— In this 

 article the author treats of the so-called " half-bred " sheep of South Scotland 

 and North England. These sheep are a cross between the Cheviot and Border 

 Leicester and through years of selection have become a distinct breed. The 

 sheep are of great size and hardiness and are deemed of distinct value to the 

 general purpose farmer. 



Domestic sheep and their wild ancestors. — II, Wild sheep of the Arg-ali 

 type, J. C. EwART (Trans. Highland, and Agr. Soc. Scot., 5. ser., 26 (1914), PP- 

 74-101, pis. 8). — In this paper, which is a continuation of work previously noted 

 (E. S. Pv., 29, p. 469) the author presents further evidence showing the relation 

 between the wild sheep of the Argali type and the present-day domestic sheep, 

 and concludes that " even before the coming of the Romans, Britain had sheep 

 which Included the Argali as well as the Urial and Mouflon amongst their 

 ancestors." 



Some early references to four-horned sheep in Scotland, J. Ritchie (Scot. 

 Nat., No. 29 (1914), pp. 100-106). — From a review of early references to four- 

 horned sheep it is concluded " that an early breed of Scottish sheep was dis- 

 tinguished by its small size of body, by the fineness of its wool and the shortness 



