VETERINARY MEDICINE. 779 



such factors as a possible removal of the bacilli by the rapid formation and 

 absorption of peritoneal transudate must be ruled out, as well as the possibility 

 of a spontaneous metamorphosis of the bacilli Into nonstaining and therefore 

 Invisible forms, as described by Much. A similar rapid disappearance is 

 brought about in the peritoneal cavities of tuberculous rats, rabbits, and dogs. 

 The mechanism of the disappearance is now under Investigation." 



Does the subcutaneous injection of antiphymatol (Klimmer) protect bo- 

 vines against artificial and natural infections with bovine tubercle bacilli? 

 A. Eber {Ztschr. Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. Ilaustiere, 14 (1913), No. 4-5, pp. 

 203-230). — Antiphymatol is a preparation made from tubercle bacilli which 

 has been passed through cold-blooded animals to render them avirulent (E. S. 

 R., 20, p. 480). The injection of a trade package (5 cc.) of the vaccine Into 

 guinea pigs produced no tuberculosis. 



The results reported considered 16 bovines, 9 of which were treated and 7 

 which were kept as controls, and the experiments were made especially for the 

 purpose of determining whether the subcutaneous injection of antiphymatol 

 will in reality protect against an artificial or natural infection with the bovine 

 type of tubercle bacilli. It was also decided to note whether the protection 

 given lasted for any length of time. 



Six animals vaccinated 3, 6, or 8 months before intravenous or subcutaneous 

 infection passed through the cycle of the disease at the same rate as un- 

 vaccinated animals. Three vaccinated animals exposed to natural infection 

 became tubercular as quickly as the control animals. All animals Infected by 

 the artificial method were treated with the same culture. 



The prevention of human tuberculosis of bovine origin (particularly from 

 the point of view of the Tuberculosis Order, 1913), W. G. Savage (Vet. Jour., 

 69 (1913), No. 461, pp. 513-521).— This Is a discussion of the occurrence of 

 tuberculosis among bovines, with special reference to its being a source of 

 danger to man. The whole discussion is in the light of the English Tubercu- 

 losis Order of 1913. 



" In the words of the covering circular of the board, the order ' aims at 

 securing the destruction of every cow found to be suffering from tuberculosis 

 of the udder, or to be giving tuberculous milk, as well as of all bovine animals 

 which are suffering from tuberculosis with emaciation.' . . . 



" It is clear that the prevention of human tuberculosis of bovine origin can 

 not be separated from the prevention of tuberculosis among bovine animals, 

 and that no steps can be permanently satisfactory unless they definitely aim 

 at a diminution of the total bulk of bovine tuberculosis." 



Notes on some parasites of live stock in the "West Indies, P. T. Satjndebs 

 (West Indian Bui, 14 (1914). No. 2, pp. 132-138).— A general account of the 

 more important parasites. 



The granular venereal disease and abortion in cattle, W. L. Williams 

 (Z7. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 106 {1914), PP- 57).— During the course of the Investiga- 

 tions here reported post-mortem observations wei-e made on the killing floors 

 of abattoirs at some of the principal slaughtering centers, Including Chicago, 

 Omaha, Kansas City, Denver, and Fort Worth, with a view to determining how 

 widely and extensively the granular venereal disease exists among cattle in this 

 country. Records of 3,250 cases of granular venereal disease, here summarized 

 in tabular form, show nodules or granules macroscopically visible in the vulvar 

 mucosa of 2,806. 



Records kept for a period covering 22 years of a dairy herd consisting of a 

 total of 217 cows with a total of 645 pregnancies, the details of which are here 

 presented in tabular form, show an average annual rate of 12 per cent of abor- 

 tions, Records kept from May, 1909, to December, 1911, of another herd in 



