782 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



afforded by inoculation with culture 52, followed after one week, or more, by 

 Inoculation witli culture 48. In all cases in which culture 52 alone was not 

 tested against virulent cultures (seven) the inoculation with both cultures 52 

 and 48 in the sequence and under the conditions stated, yielded complete 

 immunity. 



" The results obtained in the investigation, thus far reported, are such as to 

 afford, for the first time, complete control over infection in rabbits with prob- 

 ably any virulent strain of the fowl cholera bacterium. The method thus found 

 successful for the active immunization of rabbits will now be employed, perhaps 

 with modifications, in an attempt to produce a corresponding active immunity 

 in birds." 



See also previous work (E. S. R., 31, p. 485.) 



Spirochetosis of fowls, S. von Ratz {Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 30 (1914), 

 No. 7, pp. 117-119). — The author has demonstrated the occurrence in Hungary 

 of a spirochetosis of poultry, which affects chickens, geese, and ducks. He 

 finds that the spirochetes may remain alive in the blood during a period of from 

 86 to 48 hours after death, during which time they are virulent. 



A disease of the wattles of fowls, H. R. Seddon (Jour. Dept. Agr. Victoria, 

 12 {19W, No. 7, pp. 426-428, figs. 2).— A so-called wattle disease investigated 

 by the author at the Melbourne University Veterinary School appears to be 

 a localized form of fowl cholera in which the causal microbe gains entrance into 

 the wattles and remains there, giving rise to two very marked symptoms, 

 namely, (1) enlargement, due to the presence of inflammatory fluid, and later 

 (2) distortion, with the formation of hard nodules of cheesy material in the 

 wattle. 



ETJKAI ENXJINEERING. 



Irrigation, F. L. Bixby {New Mexico Sta. Rpt. 1913, pp. 41-47). — Brief de- 

 scriptions of the calibration of a submerged orifice, measurements of water on 

 the mesa plats, a study of end contractions in Cippoletti weirs, duty of water 

 investigations in orchard irrigation, and irrigation of onions and tomatoes 

 are given. 



In the duty of water investigations in orchards it was found that in compar- 

 ing the flooding method by checks and the furrow method the different amounts 

 of water produced very little difference in the material growth of the tree. 

 The 4-in. irrigation appeared to be the best amount to use. In connection 

 with the furrow irrigation it was impracticable to irrigate with large streams 

 of water. 



Loss of water in irrigation systems, P. M. Fogg {Engin. and Contract., 41 

 {1914), No. 25, pp. 720-72^).— Considerable data gathered by the Irrigation In- 

 vestigations of this Oflice and by the U. S. Reclamation Service on evaporation 

 losses, field evaporation, percolation losses, methods of loss prevention, waste 

 water, etc., are reviewed and discussed. 



Irrigation by " zaaidams," C. J. v. Zyl {Agr. Jour. Union So. Africa, 7 

 {1914), ^0. 4^ PP- 403-495). — ^A method by which moisture is conserved in the 

 soil by the construction of walls of earth, or ordinary earthen embankments, in 

 which flood water is impounded and allowed to soak thoroughly into the soil is 

 described. 



Gate structures for irrigation canals, F. C. Scobey {U. B. Dept. Agr. BuU 

 115 {1914), PP- 61, pis. 12, figs. IS). — This bulletin describes and illustrates a 

 large number of designs of small and medium-sized gate structures adapted to 

 many localities for controlling the flow of water In ditches and canal systems. 

 These include headgates and floodgates to regulate the water entering the system 

 fi'om the source of supply, check gates to regulate the water while within the 



