ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 847 



covering the seedspots with a wire cone 8 in. high and 8 in. in diameter, sunk 

 2 in. deep in the ground, but this is too costly for general use, 



" It is significant that attempts to render the seed repulsive or poisonous to 

 the rodent have failed ; that wholesale poisoning of an area has failed ; but that 

 efforts to guard the seedspot have been more successful. It is at this point 

 that the study should be taken up, if it is hereafter continued," 



Necessity for and constitutionality of the act of Congress protecting 

 migratory birds, G, Shieas, 3ed (New York, 1914 PP- 99). — Part one of this 

 pamphlet deals with the necessity for the migratory bird law and part two with 

 the constitutionality of the federal law. The regulations for the protection of 

 migratory birds (E. S. R., 29, p. 554), the text of the original Shiras bill and 

 of the Weeks-McLean bill (E. S. R., 28, p. 302), the report of the advisory com- 

 mittee of fifteen on the preparation of regulations by the Department of Agri- 

 culture for the protection of migratory birds, etc., are appended. 



The relation between lizards and Phlebotomus verrucarum. as indicating 

 the reservoir of verruga, C. H. T. Townsend {Science, n. ser., ^0 {1914), No. 

 1023, pp. 212-214)- — It is stated that numerous blood smears made during the 

 previous two or three months from small rock lizards of several species collected 

 in four localities in Peru, three of which are within the verruga zone and the 

 fourth just outside of that zone, all show small rod and granule bodies which 

 exhibit the identical morphology of the bodies which have been named Bartonia 

 bacilHformis. 



" In Verrugas Canyon there are, close to the house, many large walls built 

 of loose rock wherein the Phlebotomus hide in swarms during the day, issuing 

 in the evening to enter the house and bite the inmates. These rock walls are 

 also inhabited by the small lizards in question." 



Subcutaneous Injection of a young guinea pig with a large quantity of citrated 

 lizard blood proved fatal within ten hours, liver smears showing the rods and 

 granules, but blood, marrow, and spleen smears proving practically negative. 



The author points out that on a priori grounds the inference is logical that 

 the lizards constitute a verruga reservoir. 



The relation of temperature to insect life, — I, The variation in velocity of 

 development at different constant temperatures, E. D. Sanderson and L. M. 

 Peaiks {Neio Hampshire Sta. Tech. Bui. 7 {1913), pp. 125, figs. ^6).— This bulle- 

 tin presents details of studies, accounts based upon which have been previ- 

 ously noted (E. S. R., 20, p. 851; 23, p. 358). Part 1 (pp. 3-9) gives a history 

 and descriptions of the work; part 2 (pp. 10-41) a summary of the conclusions 

 and of illustrations; part 3 (pp. 42-93) a summary of all the data obtained at 

 the New Hampshire Station, upon which the studies are based; and part 4 

 (pp. 94-125) temperature records. 



The following conclusions have been drawn : " The velocity of development, 

 within what may be termed the normal limits, depends, other factors being 

 equal, upon the temperature. It increases directly with the temperature, the 

 curve for the Increase within normal limits being a true mathematical hyper- 

 bole. The factor or index of development for any point on this curve is the 

 reciprocal for that point. Thus, the reciprocal curve includes all the indexes for 

 the curve. This reciprocal, assuming that we are correct in our first conclu- 

 sion, that the curve is always a true hyperbole, takes, by definition, the form 

 of a straight line; the inclination of this line to the axes of the curve being 

 governed by the rapidity of development of the Insect and stage. The de- 

 velopmental zero for the insect and stage approximates the point where the 

 reciprocal curve (calculated from the time factor) intersects the temperature 

 axis. The thermal constant is the constant for the curve, that is, the product 

 of the time and temperature factors. That is, for a hyperbole, always constant. 



