ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 853 



hatching and pupate in the burrows. The pupal period lasts from seven to ten 

 days, and the beetles of the second brood commence to appear about the middle 

 of July and continue to issue until late August or early September. Some of 

 the beetles of this brood may linger until late October. The progeny of this 

 brood hibernate as larvae In the bark and develop into the early brood of 

 beetles the next May and June. 



" The peach bark beetle hibernates in the beetle form in special cells in the 

 bark, becoming active in late March and early April. The beetles at once com- 

 mence excavating burrows in dead or living wood, but use only dead or dying 

 wood for incubation burrows. They commence laying eggs about the twentieth 

 of April and each female will, under normal conditions, deposit from 80 to 

 160 eggs. These eggs hatch in a few days and the larvse require 25 to 30 days 

 to become grown. The pupal period extends over four to ten days, and the 

 beetles of the summer brood appear about the middle of July, maximum emer- 

 gence occurring during the latter part of August. Beetles continue to appear 

 irregularly until October. The progeny of this brood of beetles are larv£e during 

 the fall months and mature as beetles upon the approach of cold weather, but 

 do not leave their hibernation cells until the following spring." 



The remedial measures are summarized as follows: "Probably the most im- 

 portant measure to prevent multiplication of all these beetles is to burn 

 promptly all prunings, dead wood, and dying trees. Attacked orchards can be 

 successfully reclaimed from attack by cultivation, by liberal fertilization with 

 barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer, and by whitewashing or spraying 

 with carbolized soapy mixtures. Treatment should commence in the spring. 

 Prune severely, spray before the leaves appear, and apply a heavy coat of white- 

 wash to the trunks and larger branches in early April. Cultivate and fertilize 

 as soon as the ground is in suitable condition ; apply a second coat of whitewash 

 or other repellent in early July and a third about September 1. Apply thick 

 whitewash with a broom ; thin mixture may be applied with a spray pump, but 

 should be repeated until a good coating is secured." 



Orchard bark beetles and pin hole borers, H. A. Gossaed (Ohio 8ta. Circ. 

 no (1913), pp. 16, figs. iO).— -This is an abridgment of the bulletin noted above. 



[Studies of Sciaphobus squalidus at the Poltava Agricultural Experiment 

 Station], A. V. Znamenskii (Trudy Poltav. SelsJc. Khoz. Opytn. Stantsii, No. 20 

 (1914), pp. VI+32, pis. 2, figs. 5; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 2 (1914), 8er. A, No. 

 6, pp. 337-339). — This paper presents the results of three years' work on this 

 weevil enemy of fruits, its bionomics, enemies, etc. 



Note on a chalcidid parasite of the pea thrips [Frankliniella robusta], 

 A. VuiLLET (Compt. Rend. Sac. Biol. [PmHs], 16 (1914), No. 13, pp. 552-554, 

 figs. S). — A new parasite reared from F. robusta in France during the season of 

 1913 is described as Thripoctentis brui. Reference is made by the author to 

 the work by Russell, previously noted (E. S. R., 27, p. 262). 



The acrobat ant (Agr. News [Barbados], 13 (1914), No. 323, p. 298). — ^An 

 undetermined species of the genus Cremastogaster is said to be injurious to 

 trees in the Lesser Antilles, chiefly by preventing cuts in the bark from healing 

 over. In addition to the injury to tx'ees, they seem to hasten the decay of 

 timber in buildings. 



The sheep tick (Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 11 (1914), No. 9, pp. 904-909, figs. 

 4). — This article consists of accounts of (1) the life history of the sheep tick 

 (Malophagus o-vinus) by F, E. Place, (2) its effect on sheep by H. Jackson, 

 and (3) the occurrence of the tick in South Australia by T. H. Williams. 



Eriophyes ribis on Ribes nigrum, Miss A. M. Taylor (Jour. Agr. 8ci. [Eng- 

 land], 6 (1914), No. 2, pp. 121-128).— A report of studies of the life history and 

 habits of the black currant mite and the injury which it causes. 



