870 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



and 5.46 cts., respectively, and the grain required per pound of gain 4.68, 5.11, 

 5.04, 4.26, and 4.13 lbs. 



On ovariotomy in sows, with observations on the mammary glands and 

 the internal genital organs, III, K. J. J. Mackenzie, F. H. A. Marshall, and 

 J. Hammond {Jour. Agr. Sci. [England], 6 (1914), No. 2, pp. 182-186).— This 

 continues work previously noted (E. S. R., 30, p. 673). 



From examinations made of 297 pigs, including hogs, spayed sows, and 

 sows in different stages of pregnancy " it was evident that the occurrence of 

 pro-oestrum or oestrus was in no way correlated with the presence or absence of 

 pigment in the mammary area. Neither could it be said that pigment was 

 jjresent in greater quantity during the heat period." Pigment was present in 

 many of the spayed sows, although there are some indications that the amount 

 present was liable to be less in the operated pigs. The pigment does not occur 

 in white pigs. It is commonest in the black sows, but occasionally is found also 

 in black hogs. There was considerable variation in the quantity and distri- 

 bution of the mammary pigment in the colored breeds. 



A case of incomplete ovariotomy was discovered in which one ovary has been 

 retained and distinct signs of oestrus were shown by the animal, thus proving 

 that " heat only occurs in sows when functional ovarian tissue is present, and 

 that removal of the uterus without the complete removal of both ovaries is 

 totally ineffective in preventing the recurrence of the oestrous cycle." 



The Sapphire hog, J. A. McLean {Jour. Heredity, 5 (1914), ^o. 7, pp. 801- 

 304, fig- 1)- — This reports the formation of a so-called new breed of swine hav- 

 ing as its principal characteristics blue color with variations, erect ears, trim 

 bellies, strength of bone, and fat hog conformation with length of body. This 

 breed is being evolved from the Yorkshire, Hampshire, Berkshire, Essex, and 

 Chester White breeds. A large percentage of the pigs are breeding true. 



Feeding draft foals {Wisconsin Sta. Bui. 240 {1914), pp. 31, 32, figs. 1).— 

 Eleven pure-bred draft foals were fed by J. G. Fuller an average of 16.5 lbs. 

 each of a mixture of ground oats, corn meal, bran, and cut alfalfa hay 6 : 1.5 : 

 1 : 1.5, on which they averaged gains of 2.1 lbs. per day at an average daily feed 

 cost of 18 cts. They weighed at the end of the year from 1,000 to 1,200 lbs., the 

 average cost of feed being $51.66. 



Cost of keeping work horses, W. E. Foaed {Breeder's Gaz., 66 {1914), No. 7, 

 p. 236, fig. 1). — Data secured from the records of 10 Missouri farms having 

 from 4 to 10 horses each show the average total annual cost of keeping a horse 

 to be $81.91, of which feed cost amounts to $62.29, labor $9.84, and miscellaneous 

 $9.78. The total hours worked was 1,002, making the average cost 8.2 cts. 

 per hour. There was a large variation in the cost among the several horses, 

 also in the labor performed. As a rule the horse that worked more cost more 

 to keep. 



The inheritance of coat colors in horses, W. S. Anderson {Kentucky .Sta. 

 Bui. 180 {1914), pp. 121-145, figs. 6).— In this study the colors of 42,165 horses, 

 representing 14,055 matings, were used. 



In explanation of his findings the author concludes that from all the evidence 

 chestnut is recessive to all colors ; black dominant to chestnut and recessive to 

 all others; bay dominant to chestnut, and black, and recessive to the three co- 

 ordinate colors, gray, roan, and dun. The colors can be arranged in three series 

 as follows: Gray, bay, black, and chestnut; roan, bay, black, and chestnut; 

 and dun, bay, black, and chestnut; the first color of each series being dominant 

 to all members of the series. Chestnut comes last and is recessive to all before. 

 It is stated that there is no question that bay is recessive to gray, roan, and 

 dun, and dominant to chestnut and black. 



