VETERINARY MEDICINE. 881 



obtained in about 6 bours. Tbe test was tried witb 100 subjects, 64 of wbicb 

 were positively tuberculous. Fifty-tbree of tbe 64 gave a positive reaction. 



The bovine tubercle bacilli in tubercular pathologic changes and the 

 relation of bovine tuberculosis to human tuberculosis, E. Bertarelli (Centbl. 

 Bakt. [etc.], 1. AM., Orig., 70 (WIS), No. 1-2, pp. 10, ii).— Tbe separation of 

 tubercle bacilli into human and bovine types is regarded as a very indefinite 

 classification. Many bacilli noted in man and wbicb have tbe character- 

 istics of tbe bovine type of bacilli are in reality tbe human type of organism. 



Notes and observations on twenty cases of tuberculosis, W. Caudwell 

 {Vet. Rec., 26 (1914), No. 1334, PP- 49 1-406) .—These notes deal with work 

 conducted under tbe Tuberculosis Order of 1913 (Great Britain). The cases 

 are divided into two categories, tbose confirmed by clinical and other evi- 

 dences and those which were not confirmed. Some of the cows were in 

 milk. 



In 12 of the clinically certain tuberculosis cases the lungs and bronchial and 

 mediastinal glands were diseased. In 9 cases tbe mediastinal glands were 

 affected and tbe liver was diseased in 6. In 1 case the heart and pericardium 

 were diseased. Tuberculosis was rarely found on the surface of the spleen, 

 but the uterus was often diseased. Two cases had affected mammary glands. 



A discussion of the paper at a meeting of tbe South Eastern Veterinary 

 Association is included. 



Bovine tuberculosis, S. Delepine (Separate from Proc. Nat. Vet. Assoc., 30 

 (1912), pp. 11). — The investigations reported were conducted in Cheshire, 

 Lancashire, and Aberdeenshire from 1897 to 1899. Statistics are given of 379 

 bovines which were treated with tuberculin and after death submitted to 

 autopsy. 



When classified according to age it was found that among animals up to 1 

 year of age 3.4 per cent were tuberculous; 1 to 2 years, 13.2; 2 to 3 years, 

 24.1 ; 3 to 5 years. 23.5 ; 5 to 9 years, 48.9 ; and 9 to 13 years, 76 per cent. In 

 Great Britain during 1910 among 1,319,562 bo^^nes of 1 to 2 years of age, 

 200,582 were found tuberculous, and among 4,120,813 animals over 2 years old, 

 1,483,492 were tuberculous. 



The mode of infection in bovines is from bovine to bovine and this may be 

 brought about directly or indirectly. Tbe construction and ventilation of the 

 buildings in which animals are kept are deemed of great importance in obtain- 

 ing milk free from tubercle bacilli. Plans are presented for eliminating 

 tuberculosis from bei'ds on the basis of tbe tuberculin test and the removal 

 of the animals. 



Some facts about brain and retropharyngeal gland tuberculosis in the 

 bovine, Knese (Berlin. Tierdrztl. WcJmschr., 30 (1914), No. 1, pp. 3-5). — Tbe 

 author emphasizes the fact that tuberculosis of the brain often occurs in bo- 

 vines from 3 montbs to 1 year in age. In animals not affected with abdominal 

 (visceral) or pulmonary tuberculosis the brain as a focus of tbe disease is 

 often overlooked. The retropharyngeal lymph glands as a focus for this patho- 

 logic condition have also been too little considered in looking for tuberculosis 

 in young animals. 



An outbreak of tuberculosis i" pigeons, F. S. Jones (Amer. Vet. Rev., 44 

 (1914), No. 4, pp. 497-500, figs. 3). — A detailed description of three cases in 

 pigeons from which the tubercle bacillus was isolated. The organisms were 

 alcohol acid fast, thus differing from those studied by Morse (E. S. R., 25, p. 

 689). The lesions resembled tbose iiroduced by the avian bacillus. 



About the action of antiformin on the tubercle bacillus, Donges (Ztschr. 

 Hyg. w. Infektionskrank., 75 (1913), No. 1, pp. 185-19^). — There are strains of 



