VETERINARY MEDICINE. 883 



experimental examination witli the result that 67.7 per cent produced gener- 

 alized tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Seven cases of mixed infection (actino- 

 mycosis and tuberculosis) were found. 



" From tlie frequent presence of actinomycosis and tuberculosis in the 

 lymphatic glands attached to imported frozen tongues, it has become impera- 

 tive that importers should see that all the glands are left attached to the 

 tongues." 



A brief report upon an examination of South American tongues, by J. M. 

 Beattie (pp. 14-16), and a report upon 46 South American and 2 North Ameri- 

 can ox tongues and tongue glands examined for actinomycosis and tubercu- 

 losis, by D. M. Alexander (pp. 17-20) are appended. 



[Work of the g'overnment bacteriolog'ist in vaccinating against tick fever, 

 pleuro-pneumonia, and blackleg], C. J. Pound {Ann. Rpt. Dcpt. Agr. and 

 Stock IQiieensland], 1912-13, pp. 85-87). — ^A short account of the results 

 obtained during 1912-13 from Immunizing 23,083 animals against tick fever. 

 Many of the animals were inoculated by the owners, and the balance, 9,498, 

 were treated, by the officers of the department. 



Where the cattle were kept from tick infestation the average mortality was 

 only 2 per cent. " In several instances cattle from clean districts were placed 

 immediately after inoculation in tick-infested and redwater paddocks, and 

 although in each case the owner was advised as to the very great danger 

 which would follow, he stated that he was prepared to take the risk, with the 

 result that the losses were in some instances as high as 50 per cent." 



Several steers free from tuberculosis and blackleg, which were immunized 

 against tick fever and whose blood was proved to give a reaction in suscep- 

 tible cattle, were sold as blood supply animals. In addition some stud ani- 

 mals were immunized. Altogether there were 72 valuable bulls, and one of 

 these died, this being the first fatal case out of 200 animals inoculated at the 

 station. The immunity conferred by injecting blood taken from an animal 

 that has recovered from either naturally or artificially produced fever, while 

 not absolutely perfect, is considered to be of a veiy high order. 



The injection of normal horse serum (the horse is a nonsusceptible animal) 

 into cattle or the administration of quinin subcutaneously or intravenously did 

 not protect the animals against the disease. Specially prepared and tested 

 pleuro-pneumonia virus was supplied during the year for protective vaccina- 

 tion, and 32,420 head of cattle were treated. Several complaints were received 

 with reference to cattle dying after inoculation. Some of the tails of the cattle 

 had to be amijutated after inoculation. 



Twelve hundred and thirty head of young stock were vaccinated against 

 blackleg. 



Effects of tick eradication on the cattle industry of the South, "W. F. Ward 

 (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anini. Indus., Effects of Tick Eradication on the Cattle 

 Industry of the South, 19H, pp. 26, figs. 8). — This paper discusses the recent 

 improvements that have taken place in the tick-free areas of the Southern 

 States and suggests methods of improvement which should be adopted as soon 

 as the ticks have been eradicated from any section. 



Bighead in sheep, H. J. Frederick (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus., 

 Bighcad in Sheep, 191^, pp. 6). — This is a report of investigations conducted by 

 this Department in cooperation with the Utah Experiment Station. 



Bighead is an affection that has been observed by sheepmen for upwards of 

 30 years. It is characterized by a sudden swelling of the head and ears and the 

 presence in the swelled portions of the head of a straw-colored serum which 

 often drips from the parts. The affected tissues present a gelatinous appear- 

 ance, and the swelling is often so severe that the animal's vision is partially 



